Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of healthy controls (HC) and multiple sclerosis (MS) participants.
| Demographics | HC | MS | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 19 (8M/11F) | 21 (9M/12F) | NA |
| Age ± SD (years) | 22.6 ± 2.3 | 25.7 ± 5.2 * | 0.02 |
| Age range (years) | 19–29 | 18–35 | |
| Age at onset ± SD (years) | - | 19.7 ± 6.55 | NA |
| Age range at onset (years) | - | 10.2–34.0 | NA |
| Disease duration ± SD (years) | - | 5.9 ± 3.5 | NA |
| Disease duration range (years) | - | 1.0–11.8 | NA |
| Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | - | Median: 2 Range: 0–6 |
NA |
| EDSS 0–2 (n, %) | - | 16, 76 | NA |
| EDSS 2.5–3.5 (n, %) | - | 2, 10 | NA |
| EDSS 4–6 (n, %) | - | 3, 14 | NA |
| Symbol Digits Modality Test z-score (SDMTz) | −0.15 ± 0.90 | −0.65 ± 1.31 | 0.17 |
| Attention Network Test-Interaction (ANT-I) scores | |||
| Alerting (AE) | 25.8 ± 25.2 | 35.2 ± 39.6 | 0.4 |
| Orienting (ON) | 49.7 ± 13.5 | 49.3 ± 30.9 | 0.96 |
| Executive control (EXE) | 88.0 ± 19.9 | 98.1 ± 35.5 | 0.3 |
| MRI features | |||
| Average LH cortical thickness (mm) | 2.74 ± 0.1 | 2.73 ± 0.1 | 0.84 |
| Average RH cortical thickness (mm) | 2.73 ± 0.1 | 2.73 ± 0.1 | 0.9 |
Note: AE, ON and EXE group differences were tested on the age-adjusted scores. However, the scores presented here are the raw uncorrected scores. * p < 0.05; EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale. SD: standard deviation. LH: Left hemisphere. RH: Right hemisphere. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.