Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study subjects.
| Parameter | Healthy Pregnancy (n = 98) |
Gestational Hypertension (n = 88) |
Preeclampsia (n = 91) |
|---|---|---|---|
| At enrollment | |||
| Age (years) | 26.2 ± 0.7 | 26.6 ± 0.7 | 27.2 ± 0.8 |
| Race (white) | 62 (63.3) | 62 (70.5) | 62 (68.1) |
| Current smoking | 10 (10.2) | 11 (12.5) | 8 (8.8) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.7 {28.1–30.5} | 33.3 {31.6–35.1} * | 32.1 {30.1–33.8} * |
| Primiparity | 34 (34.7) | 36 (40.9) | 37 (40.7) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 37 {37–38} | 37 {37–38} | 36 {35–37} *,& |
| During follow-up | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 113.3 {110.0–115.0} | 131.0 {130.0–135.0} * | 140.0 {136.7–144.0} *,& |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 72.4 ± 0.9 | 84.8 ± 1.3 * | 88.9 ± 1.1 *,& |
| Antihypertensive therapy | |||
| Under treatment | 0 (0) | 67 (76.1) | 78 (85.7) |
| Non-responsiveness | N/A | 13 (14.8) | 39 (42.9) & |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 80.7 {80.0–82.0} | 82.0 {80.0–83.3} | 81.0 {80.0–82.7} |
| Creatinine (µM) | N/D | 53.0 {53.0–53.0} | 61.9 {53.0–61.9} & |
| Proteinuria (mg/24 h) | N/D | 149.5 {121.0–169.6} | 449.9 {346.5–775.9} & |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35.9 {33.7–37.0} | 36.8 {35.7–37.0} | 36.9 {35.1–37.5} |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.9 {11.1–12.4} | 12.1 {11.9–12.4} | 12.1 {11.9–12.4} |
| White blood cells (×103/mm3) | 11.4 {9.7–12.7} | 9.9 {9.4–10.5} | 9.9 {8.9–10.6} |
| Neutrophils (% of WBC) | 69.0 {65.0–73.5} | 70.3 {66.4–72.0} | 71.0 {68.0–73.0} |
| Platelets (×103/mm3) | 228.4 ± 14.7 | 223.6 ± 58.2 | 211.2 ± 67.2 |
| Fasting glucose (g/dL) | 69.5 {68.0–76.0} | 79.3 {76.0–82.0} * | 77.0 {73.5–80.0} * |
| Alanine transaminase (U/L) | N/D | 14.0 {11.0–15.0} | 14.0 {12.0–15.0} |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | N/D | 17.0 {15.0–18.0} | 17.0 {16.0–19.0} |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | N/D | 436.0 {364.0–484.0} | 429.5 {389.0–466.0} |
| At delivery | |||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39 {39–39} | 39 {38–40} | 37 {37–38} *,& |
| Preterm birth | 1 (1.0) | 6 (6.8) | 31 (34.1) *,& |
| Newborn weight (g) | 3380 {3125–3465} | 3160 {3020–3290} | 2900 {2620–3050} *,& |
| Fetal growth restriction | 7 (7.1) | 18 (20.5) * | 30 (33.0) * |
| Placental weight (g) | 562.5 ± 14.7 | 592.3 ± 13.1 | 543.0 ± 17.5 |
N/A, not applicable; N/D, not determined (however, negative urine dipstick test). Values are mean ± standard error of the mean for parametric variables; median {95% confidence interval} for non-parametric variables; and frequency (percentage) for categorical variables. * p < 0.05 versus healthy pregnancy and & p < 0.05 versus gestational hypertension based on Mann-Whitney, ordinary one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, or χ2 test, as appropriate, followed by correction for multiple comparisons.