Table 3.
Sleep quality and mental health (outcome variable: mental health).
| Coefficient | 95% Confident Interval | p | Beta | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global Sleep Quality (unadjusted model) | −1.674 | −2.084 | −1.264 | <0.001 | −0.410 | |
| Global Sleep Quality (adjusted model) | −1.419 | −1.835 | −1.002 | <0.001 | −0.348 | |
| Subjective Sleep Quality sub-scale (unadjusted model; reference category: fairly good) | ||||||
| good | −5.132 | −9.490 | −0.773 | 0.021 | −0.190 | |
| bad | −11.122 | −15.865 | −6.380 | <0.001 | −0.371 | |
| very bad | −16.377 | −24.208 | −8.546 | <0.001 | −0.244 | |
| Subjective Sleep Quality sub-scale (adjusted model; reference category: fairly good) | ||||||
| good | −3.040 | −7.336 | 1.255 | 0.165 | −0.113 | |
| bad | −8.064 | −12.783 | −3.346 | 0.001 | −0.269 | |
| very bad | −11.937 | −19.738 | −4.136 | 0.003 | −0.178 | |
| Sleep Latency (unadjusted model) | −0.030 | −0.081 | 0.021 | 0.248 | −0.063 | |
| Sleep Latency (adjusted model) | −0.023 | −0.072 | 0.025 | 0.349 | −0.049 | |
| Sleep Duration (unadjusted model) | 1.829 | 0.794 | 2.865 | 0.001 | 0.189 | |
| Sleep Duration (adjusted model) | 1.253 | 0.220 | 2.286 | 0.018 | 0.129 | |
| Sleep Efficiency (unadjusted model) | 0.112 | 0.041 | 0.183 | 0.002 | 0.170 | |
| Sleep Efficiency (adjusted model) | 0.090 | 0.022 | 0.159 | 0.010 | 0.136 | |
| Sleep Disturbances (unadjusted model) | −1.257 | −1.640 | −0.874 | <0.001 | −0.333 | |
| Sleep Disturbances (adjusted model) | −1.092 | −1.464 | −0.719 | <0.001 | −0.289 | |
| Use of sleeping medication (unadjusted model; reference category: not during the past month) | ||||||
| Less than once a week | −4.601 | −9.232 | 0.029 | 0.051 | −0.105 | |
| Once or twice a week | −14.231 | −22.166 | −6.297 | <0.001 | −0.189 | |
| Three or more times a week | −7.153 | −13.994 | −0.311 | 0.041 | −0.110 | |
| Use of sleeping medication (adjusted model; reference category: not during the past month) | ||||||
| Less than once a week | −4.226 | −8.684 | 0.232 | 0.063 | −0.096 | |
| Once or twice a week | −10.792 | −18.517 | −3.066 | 0.006 | −0.143 | |
| Three or more times a week | −6.536 | −13.075 | 0.003 | 0.050 | −0.101 | |
| Day time dysfunction (unadjusted model; reference category: 0 points) | ||||||
| 1 or 2 points | −6.338 | −9.955 | −2.720 | 0.001 | −0.234 | |
| 3 or 4 points | −12.480 | −16.262 | −8.698 | <0.001 | −0.437 | |
| 5 or 6 points | −24.964 | −30.837 | −19.090 | <0.001 | −0.460 | |
| Day time dysfunction (adjusted model; reference category: 0 points) | ||||||
| 1 or 2 points | −6.060 | −9.587 | −2.533 | 0.001 | −0.224 | |
| 3 or 4 points | −11.363 | −15.081 | −7.647 | <0.001 | −0.398 | |
| 5 or 6 points | −21.550 | −27.515 | −15.584 | <0.001 | −0.397 | |
Note: PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Adjusted models include: age, sex, diet, stress and exercise as covariates; Beta: standardized regression coefficient.