Table 1.
Resume of some of the proteomic techniques applied to pathogen identification, characterization, and virulence.
| Pathogen | Disease | Pathogen ID |
Metabolic Process | Proteomic Method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vírus | |||||
| Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) | Sistemic diseases | Vírus proteín characterization | - | SDS-PAGE MALDI-TOF-MS | [99] |
| Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) | Sistemic diseases | Vírus envelope proteín analysis and characterization | - | 1-DE MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS and LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS | [100] |
| Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) | Koi herpesvirus (KHV) disease | Functional analyses of the virion transmembrane proteome | - | SDS-PAGE LC-MS/MS | [101] |
| Bacteria | |||||
| Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida | Pasteurellosis | - | Importance of outer membrane proteins in osmotic adaptations and bacterial virulence | 2-DE LC-nano ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS | [102] |
| Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae | Vibriosis | - | Importance of iron in virulence | 2-DE MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS | [103] |
| Photobacterium damselae | Pasteurellosis | Differentiation of Photobacterium damselae subspecies | - | MALDI-TOF-MS | [104] |
| Edwardsiella tarda | Haemorrhagic septicaemia | Identification of proteins associated with virulent and avirulent strains | - | 2-DE MALDI-TOF MS | [105,106] |
| Edwardsiella tarda | Haemorrhagic septicaemia | - | Virulence determinants | 2-DE ESI MS/MS | [92] |
| Yersinia ruckeri | Enteric redmouth disease | Identification and characterization of biotype 1 and biotype 2 strains | - | Nano LC-MS/MS | [107] |
| Yersinia ruckeri | Enteric redmouth disease | - | Importance of iron in virulence | Nano LC-MS/MS | [108] |
| Yersinia ruckeri | Enteric redmouth disease | - | Importance of outer membrane proteins in bacterial virulence | Gell free and 1-D nLC-ESI-MS/MS | [109] |
| Flavobacterium columnare | Columnaris disease | - | Virulence determinants | 2-D LC ESI MS/MS and 2-DE MALDI TOF/TOF MS | [110] |
| Flavobacterium psychrophilum | Bacterial coldwater disease | Proteomic profiling of strains, the importance of iron in virulence | - | 2-DE LC-MS/MS | [111] |
| Flavobacterium psychrophilum | Bacterial coldwater disease | Differentiation of Flavobacterium psychrophilum from Flavobacterium psychrophilum-like species | - | MALDI-TOF MS | [112] |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Vibriosis | - | Identify proteins regulating antimicrobial peptide resistance | 2-DE LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS | [113] |
| Streptococcus agalactiae | Streptococcosis | - | Temperature effects on bacterial virulence | NanoUPLC-HDMSE | [114] |
| Streptococcus iniae and Streptococcus parauberis | Streptococcosis | Identification and molecular fingerprinting | - | MALDI-TOF-MS | [115] |
| Streptococcus parauberis | Streptococcosis | Identification of bacterial strains | - | MALDI-TOF-MS | [116] |
| Vagococcus salmoninarum | Cold-water streptococcosis | Typing and characterization of bacterial strains | - | MALDI-TOF-MS | [117] |
| Streptococcus iniae | Streptococcosis | Proteomic profile of a pathogenic strain | - | 2-DE MALDI-TOF-MS | [118] |
| Piscirickettsia salmonis | Salmonid rickettsial syndrome | Detection and identification | Virulence determinants | MALDI-TOF-MS | [119] |
| Tenacibaculum sp. | Tenacibaculosis | Identification of Tenacibaculum species | - | MALDI-TOF-MS | [120,121] |
| Mycobacterium marinum | Mycobacteriosis | Identification of Mycobacterium marinum subspecies | - | MALDI-TOF-MS | [122] |
| Several bacterial species | - | Differentiate several gram-negative fish pathogenic bacteria | - | MALDI-TOF-MS | [123] |
| Fungus | |||||
| Saprolegnia parasitica | Saprolegniasis | Identification and characterization of developmental stages | - | iTRAQ SDS-PAGE Nano-LC-MS/MS | [124] |
| Parasites | |||||
| Caligus rogercresseyi | Sea lice | Detection and identification | Virulence determinants | MALDI-TOF-MS | [119] |
Proteomic techniques abbreviations—1-DE: One-dimensional Electrophoresis; 2-DE: Two-dimensional Electrophoresis; SDS-PAGE: Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis; iTRAQ: Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation; MALDI-TOF-MS: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry; MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization (Time-of-Flight)2 Mass Spectrometry; MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization (Time-of-Flight)2 tandem Mass Spectrometry; LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS: Automated Liquid Chromatography Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization (Time-of-Flight)2 tandem Mass Spectrometry; LC-MS/MS: Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry; ESI MS/MS: Electrospray Ionization tandem Mass Spectrometry; LC- ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS: Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight tandem Mass Spectrometry; LC-nano ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS: Liquid Chromatography and Nano-Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight tandem Mass Spectrometry; LC-ESI-MS/MS: Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization tandem Mass Spectrometry; nLC-ESI-MS/MS: Nano-scale Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization tandem Mass Spectrometry; NanoUPLC-HDMSE: Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with High Definition tandem Mass Spectrometry.