Table 1.

Ultrasonographic outcomes and measurement procedures.

Anatomical Structure	Outcome	Measurement Site/Procedure
Temporomandibular joint disc	Thickness	At the point between the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle cortical surface, anteriorly to the tragus cartilage. Measured as the distance between the opposing surfaces of the disc.
Temporal muscle	Thickness	At the level of the temporal fossa, one centimeter laterally, and one above the lateral edge of the eye [9]. Measured as the distance between the opposing borders of the muscle, along the transverse axis of the muscle.
Masseter muscle	Thickness	At the proximal third of the distance between the ear cartilage and mandible angle, just below the inferior connection of ear to face [22]. Measured as the distance between the superficial and the deep border of the muscle.
	Width	By a panoramic view function, moving the probe posteriorly-to-anteriorly following the curvature of the muscle and creating an image with an angle lower than 20°. Measured as the distance between the opposing extremities of the muscle along the transverse axis of the muscle.
	CSA	At the proximal third of the distance between the ear cartilage and mandible angle, just below the inferior connection of ear to face [22]. Evaluated by drawing the outline of the muscle on the image.
Sternocleidomastoid muscle	Thickness	Before the carotid artery bifurcation [23].
	Width	By a panoramic view function, moving the probe anteriorly-to-posteriorly following the surface of the muscle and creating an image with an angle lower than 25°.
	CSA	Before the carotid artery bifurcation [23]. Evaluated by drawing the outline of the muscle on the image.

CSA: cross-sectional area.