Figure 3.

Schematic Diagram of Lipid Metabolism. AMPK inhibits SREBP and ACC, which are factors that activate cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. AMPK is also associated with fatty acid oxidation by modulating CPT-1. Plant extracts were capable of regulating AMPK, as well as other related enzymes, which ultimately altered the state of lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes. (a) Cholesterol synthesis, (b) fatty acid synthesis. (AMPK, Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; SREBP, Sterol regulatory element binding proteins; CPT-1, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1; ACC, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; Acetyl CoA, Acetyl-coenzyme A; HMG CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A).