Table 4.
Results of MST in human.
| Ref. | Fertil. Proc. | Transfer Method | Blastocyst Development | Births Rate | Carry-Over | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tachibana et al., 2013 [30] | ICSI | HVJ-E | 43% (19/44) lower than control | Not tested | Embryos: 0.5% ± 0.4% ESCs: 0.6% ± 0.9% |
First MST in human oocytesAbnormal fertilization in 52% zygotes |
| Paull et al., 2013 [29] | PTGN | HVJ-E EF |
38.9 (7/18) 33% similar to control |
Not tested | Embryos: 0.31% ± 0.27% ESCs: <0.5% * * except 1 line (P4-P14) 2.79% |
Prevention of spindle activation by low-temperature electrofusion |
| Yamada et al., 2016 [32] | PTGN | Not indicated | 32% (cryogenized karyoplast + fresh cytoplast) | Not tested | Embryos: 0.2% ESCs: 0% in 7/8 cell lines (P6-P30) In 1/8 cell lines P0-1%; P36 = 53%; P59 = 1% |
Complete reversion to biological mother mitochondrial haplotype in ESCs derived from SCNT |
| Kang et al., 2016 [33] | ICSI | HVJ-E | Healthy: 62.5% (20/32) Mutation carriers: 50% (6/12) |
Not tested | Embryos: <1% ESCs: 15/18 <1% 3/18 100% |
Ovum from pathological mtDNA carriers Improved abnormal fertilization |
| Zhang et al., 2017 [34] | ICSI | EF | 80% (4/5) | 100% (1/1) | Blastocyst: 5.10% ± 1.11% Urine: 2.36% Mouth: 5.59% Foreskin: 9.23% |
First human birth by mitochondrial replacement technique |
ESCs: embryonic stem cells. EF: electrofusion. F1/F2: mice of first and second generation. HVJ-E: extract of de Sendai virus. ICSI: intracytoplasmatic spermatozoid injection. PTGN: partenogenetically activated oocytes (without fertilization). SCNT: somatic cells nuclear transfer. P: passage.