Figure 5.

E79 and aztreonam lysine (AzLys) exhibit phage–antibiotic synergy (PAS) on P. aeruginosa PA01 biofilms. Biofilms were grown for 24 h followed by treatment for four hours in TSB media at 37 °C with shaking at 120 rpm with added sub-inhibitory AzLys, E79 phage (10⁴ PFU/well), or a combination of both. Biofilms were disrupted back into a planktonic culture using a water bath sonicator, and optical density at 600 nm (OD₆₀₀) was measured to obtain biofilm mass. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Dunnett’s post-test compared to the control (**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM).