Table 2.

Illustration of the effects of nanofibrillated cellulose on synthetic polymer matrix.

Source of Nanofibrillated Cellulose	Synthetic Polymer	The Effect of the Reinforcement	Ref.
Bagasse pulp	Aluminium nitrite	-The effect of silane treatment along with NFC substrate improved the thermal conductivity. -The composite film is highly suitable for green electronic devices applications.	[204]
Banana	Epoxy	-Reduce the water uptake of nanocomposite film, especially at 5 wt% of NFC. -The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties significantly improved at 2–3 wt% of NFCs. -Act as a catalytic curing agent.	[205]
Northern bleached softwood kraft (NBSF) pulp	Epoxy	-Improved the nanocomposite storage modulus as well as their tan δ. -Tensile and flexural properties significantly increased as the inclusion of NFC fillers. -Thermal stability and residual char of kenaf/epoxy composites was well enhanced.	[206]
Western red cedar	Epoxy	-Strong reinforcing effects displayed by the high residual lignin containing NFCs on the mechanical, physical, thermal properties of the nanocomposite. -High residual lignin of NFC provided impermeable medium for moisture in epoxy composites.	[207]
White bamboo	Epoxy	-Improvement in tensile and flexural properties, fracture toughness, as well as thermal property especially at 0.3 wt% of NFC. -Better in dynamic mechanical properties in both tensile and bending condition as the addition of NFCs fillers at 0.3 wt%.	[208]
Bamboo	Starch/PVA	-Better homogeneity, cohesion, and more compact structure, which promotes larger crystals in the nanocomposite. -Tensile strength and elongation at break improved at 24 and 15% as compared to the control blend.	[209]