Table 6.
Temporal changes in the quality of life score after image-guided proton therapy.
| Variables | Pre-IGPT (N = 71) | 6 Months (N = 58) | p 1 | 12 Months (N = 46) | p 1 | p 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EORTC QLQ-C30 | ||||||
| Global health status/QOL | 51.4 (20.5) | 52.0 (22.0) | 0.91, 0.71 | 55.4 (22.2) | 0.41, 0.12 | 0.69, 0.19 |
| Functional scales | ||||||
| Physical functioning | 65.4 (24.6) | 66.1 (26.7) | 0.75, 0.78 | 62.6 (28.7) | 0.81, 0.37 | 0.86, 0.66 |
| Role functioning | 72.3 (31.9) | 66.5 (32.9) | 0.18, 0.49 | 62.8 (34.5) | 0.15, 0.78 | 0.25, 0.53 |
| Emotional functioning | 70.4 (23.5) | 75.0 (21.8) | 0.21, 0.53 | 75.2 (20.1) | 0.33, 0.26 | 0.40, 0.37 |
| Cognitive functioning | 68.8 (23.0) | 72.8 (20.3) | 0.44, 0.22 | 65.5 (25.8) | 0.59, 0.35 | 0.48, 0.54 |
| Social functioning | 76.5 (25.9) | 77.5 (25.0) | 0.89, 0.99 | 76.7 (28.7) | 0.69, 0.08 | 0.93, 0.21 |
| Symptom scales/items | ||||||
| Fatigue | 44.4 (25.1) | 45.0 (24.3) | 0.77, 0.53 | 43.7 (25.0) | 0.93, 0.22 | 0.96, 0.28 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 3.3 (9.2) | 4.1 (9.6) | 0.46, 0.78 | 5.8 (10.2) | 0.08, 0.95 | 0.21, 0.96 |
| Pain | 26.1 (27.7) | 34.5 (33.5) | 0.20, 0.83 | 30.2 (29.4) | 0.45, 0.45 | 0.42, 0.75 |
| Dyspnea | 29.1 (26.4) | 33.3 (25.2) | 0.26, 0.23 | 33.3 (26.2) | 0.31, 0.99 | 0.44, 0.38 |
| Insomnia | 27.2 (27.2) | 28.1 (30.7) | 0.93, 0.90 | 30.2 (33.2) | 0.89, 0.99 | 0.98, 0.95 |
| Appetite loss | 23.0 (23.6) | 25.1 (26.9) | 0.78, 0.33 | 24.0 (29.4) | 0.79, 0.43 | 0.90, 0.64 |
| Constipation | 29.6 (34.1) | 28.7 (29.8) | 0.86, 0.95 | 26.4 (27.8) | 0.90, 0.76 | 0.96, 0.97 |
| Diarrhea | 13.1 (22.2) | 12.3 (24.1) | 0.55, 0.88 | 8.5 (14.7) | 0.38, 0.26 | 0.65, 0.30 |
| Financial difficulties | 19.2 (26.2) | 13.5 (21.7) | 0.20, 0.24 | 17.1 (25.6) | 0.62, 0.20 | 0.44, 0.19 |
| EORTC QLQ-HCC18 | ||||||
| Symptom scale/items | ||||||
| Fatigue | 34.1 (23.7) | 40.7 (28.3) | 0.24, 0.59 | 41.3 (27.4) | 0.21, 0.52 | 0.35, 0.85 |
| Body image | 31.2 (23.2) | 34.5 (26.5) | 0.55, 0.99 | 32.6 (20.2) | 0.64, 0.76 | 0.81, 0.78 |
| Jaundice | 15.0 (17.6) | 18.4 (18.0) | 0.25, 0.38 | 15.9 (17.4) | 0.83, 0.95 | 0.51, 0.80 |
| Nutrition | 17.7 (16.1) | 18.8 (14.3) | 0.48, 0.95 | 19.4 (13.7) | 0.36, 0.68 | 0.61, 0.67 |
| Pain | 14.6 (17.6) | 20.2 (22.2) | 0.14, 0.53 | 19.4 (19.9) | 0.14, 0.85 | 0.22, 0.51 |
| Fever | 5.4 (11.5) | 10.8 (18.0) | 0.04, 0.27 | 10.5 (19.9) | 0.16, 0.97 | 0.10, 0.65 |
| Single items | ||||||
| Abdominal swelling | 23.9 (28.8) | 25.7 (32.1) | 0.94, 0.57 | 24.0 (24.5) | 0.66, 0.43 | 0.91, 0.55 |
| Sex life | 84.0 (33.7) | 87.1 (30.0) | 0.74, 0.73 | 84.5 (35.1) | 0.81, 0.61 | 0.94, 0.74 |
| SF-36 | ||||||
| Physical functioning | 60.0 (26.3) | 59.6 (27.7) | 0.98, 0.88 | 55.9 (29.5) | 0.55, 0.63 | 0.80, 0.75 |
| Role physical | 60.7 (31.4) | 60.3 (33.2) | 0.94, 0.85 | 53.5 (35.8) | 0.33, 0.30 | 0.59, 0.57 |
| Bodily pain | 64.4 (25.9) | 65.1 (29.8) | 0.70, 0.75 | 64.4 (32.0) | 0.91, 0.58 | 0.94, 0.85 |
| General health | 46.4 (19.2) | 51.4 (20.4) | 0.22, 0.98 | 53.9 (21.2) | 0.07, 0.63 | 0.17, 0.87 |
| Vitality | 50.3 (24.6) | 53.3 (22.8) | 0.52, 0.80 | 50.9 (26.3) | 0.82, 0.51 | 0.82, 0.55 |
| Social functioning | 69.5 (29.1) | 70.8 (28.9) | 0.77, 0.78 | 68.3 (30.4) | 0.84, 0.76 | 0.91, 0.88 |
| Role emotional | 62.3 (34.4) | 66.1 (33.1) | 0.55, 0.90 | 57.4 (37.3) | 0.57, 0.38 | 0.53, 0.64 |
| Mental health | 60.1 (24.1) | 64.0 (21.0) | 0.46, 0.80 | 63.8 (20.9) | 0.52, 0.71 | 0.71, 0.96 |
| 3-Physical CS 3 | 37.8 (12.6) | 37.5 (12.9) | 0.81, 0.93 | 36.8 (13.4) | 0.82, 0.71 | 0.96, 0.89 |
| 3-Mental CS 3 | 51.7 (9.6) | 54.0 (9.4) | 0.20, 0.93 | 55.7 (8.6) | 0.03, 0.96 | 0.10, 0.94 |
| 3-Role-social CS 3 | 42.0 (13.6) | 42.1 (14.7) | 0.98, 0.88 | 37.9 (15.1) | 0.14, 0.27 | 0.28, 0.49 |
| 2-Physical CS 3 | 34.9 (15.1) | 34.6 (16.1) | 0.93, 0.95 | 31.0 (16.5) | 0.24, 0.34 | 0.46, 0.56 |
| 2-Mental CS 3 | 50.2 (10.0) | 52.4 (9.5) | 0.21, 0.75 | 53.3 (8.8) | 0.13, 0.84 | 0.24, 0.98 |
1 Differences were examined by the Mann–Whitney U test between pre-PT and 6 or 12 months after IGPT for all patients (1st p) and BCLC B-D patients (2nd p); 2 Differences were examined by a one-way analysis of variance from pre-PT to 12 months after IGPT for all patients (1st p) and BCLC B-D patients (2nd p); 3 Scored using factor coefficients based on the 1995 Japan National Survey; CS = component summary; Data are mean (standard deviation).