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. 2021 Jan 9;19(1):26. doi: 10.3390/md19010026

Table 4.

Meta-ANOVA analysis of effect of chitosans administration period on biological indices.

Item 1 Administration Period (Week) K 2 Fixed Effect Model Random Effect Model Q 5 τ2 6 I2 7 Qb 8 Df 9 p
SMD 3 95%-CI 4 SMD 95%-CI
Lower Upper Lower Upper
TC (blood) 2 1 −2.4519 −4.3072 −0.5966 −2.4519 −5.6070 0.7668 0.00 -10 - 31.94 13 0.0025
2.8 1 −5.4530 −8.3456 −2.5605 −5.4530 −9.3626 −1.5435 0.00 - -
3 3 −1.7388 −2.5626 −0.9149 −1.7849 3.5161 −0.0536 0.84 1.8009 0.0
4 15 −2.4145 −2.7809 −2.0482 3.0386 −3.8429 −2.2343 58.25 1.8009 76.0
4.2 4 −1.4345 −2.0713 −0.7978 −2.1531 −3.6612 −0.6451 19.86 1.8009 84.9
5 1 −2.1630 −3.4689 −0.8570 −2.1630 −5.0996 0.7736 0.00 - -
6 13 −0.8035 −1.1424 −0.4645 −1.3554 −2.1863 −0.5246 73.20 1.8009 83.6
7 3 0.1396 −0.4290 0.7082 0.1408 −1.4807 1.7624 0.48 1.8009 0.0
8 13 −1.9919 −2.3823 −1.6016 −2.4673 −3.3262 −1.6083 45.48 1.8009 73.6
8.5 1 −2.6715 −4.3982 −0.9449 −2.6715 −5.8178 0.4748 0.00 - -
9 3 −3.9353 −4.8325 −3.0381 −5.3277 −7.2274 −3.4280 26.07 1.8009 92.3
12 4 −1.1933 −1.8028 −0.5839 −1.8238 −3.3133 −0.3343 31.08 1.8009 90.3
16 3 −1.1877 −1.7836 −0.5919 −1.2240 −2.8565 0.4085 1.48 1.8009 0.0
21 1 −1.2794 −2.3845 −0.1744 −1.2794 −4.1324 1.5735 0.00 - -
TG (blood) 2 1 −1.7652 −3.3540 −0.1764 −1.7652 −4.6864 1.1560 0.00 - - 96.55 13 <0.0001
2.8 1 1.5689 0.2025 2.9353 1.5689 −1.2375 4.3754 0.00 - -
3 2 −1.1789 −1.9477 −0.4101 −1.1794 −3.0756 0.7168 0.01 1.5643 0.0
4 15 −0.6150 −0.9114 −0.3186 −1.1423 −1.8601 −0.4246 115.66 1.5643 87.9
4.2 4 −3.0564 −3.8949 −2.2179 −3.6529 −5.1879 −2.1179 12.50 1.5643 76.0
5 1 −0.5418 −1.5454 0.4617 −0.5418 −3.1906 2.1070 0.00 - -
6 13 −0.9085 −1.2282 −0.5889 −1.0837 −1.8397 −0.3276 38.28 1.5643 68.6
7 3 1.1330 0.5098 1.7563 1.1336 −0.4129 2.6800 0.02 1.5643 0.0
8 10 −0.8028 −1.1722 −0.4333 −1.3193 −2.1969 −0.4417 68.52 1.5643 86.9
8.5 1 −2.5453 −4.2258 −0.8647 −2.5453 −5.5173 0.4268 0.00 - -
9 3 −9.3202 −10.9958 −7.6445 −9.5824 −11.8082 −7.3566 4.23 1.5643 52.7
12 3 −1.6964 −2.3414 −1.0515 −2.0228 −3.5934 −0.4521 10.45 1.5643 80.9
16 4 1.3087 0.7842 1.8333 1.3374 0.0031 2.6716 1.33 1.5643 0.0
21 1 1.3630 0.2421 2.4838 1.3630 −1.3324 4.0584 0.00 - -
LDL-C
(blood)		 2 1 −1.7162 −3.2878 −0.1445 −1.7162 −4.3664 0.9341 0.00 - - 59.48 7 <0.0001
3 2 −0.2574 −0.9554 0.4407 −0.2590 −1.9216 1.4036 0.18 1.1854 0.0
4 15 −2.2993 −2.6446 −1.9539 −2.5700 −3.2315 −1.9085 33.05 1.1854 57.6
4.2 4 −11.5502 −13.9253 −9.1751 −11.6010 −14.2147 −8.9872 1.53 1.1854 0.0
6 11 −1.4658 −1.8446 −1.0870 −1.7983 −2.5618 −1.0348 32.11 1.1854 68.9
8 10 −1.7590 −2.1810 −1.3371 −2.5968 −3.4802 −1.7134 60.61 1.1854 85.2
8.5 1 −5.2140 −7.9995 −2.4285 −5.2140 −8.7229 −1.7050 0.00 - -
12 1 −2.6102 −3.8684 −1.3520 −2.6102 −5.0875 −0.1329 0.00 - -
HDL-C
(blood)		 2 1 1.0239 −0.3431 2.3910 1.0239 −2.2340 4.2819 0.00 - - 69.79 10 <0.0001
3 2 0.5630 −0.6456 1.7715 0.5824 −1.8350 2.9998 0.18 2.2766 0.0
4 13 −2.0684 −2.4694 −1.6673 −2.9457 −3.883.7 −2.0077 106.17 2.2766 88.7
4.2 4 0.0038 −0.4905 0.4981 0.0015 −1.5576 1.5606 1.69 2.2766 0.0
5 1 0.4126 −0.5811 1.4064 0.4126 −2.7071 3.5324 0.00 - -
6 13 0.5061 0.1888 0.8233 0.9245 0.0276 1.8213 63.04 2.2766 81.0
8 8 1.3101 0.9108 1.7093 1.5747 0.4469 2.7025 21.96 2.2766 68.1
8.5 1 5.6757 2.6829 8.6686 5.6757 1.4683 9.8832 0.00 - -
12 3 0.2234 −0.6859 1.1328 4.0812 1.8229 6.3396 66.29 2.2766 97.0
16 3 0.4824 −0.1859 1.1506 0.4850 −1.3486 2.3185 0.14 2.2766 0.0
21 1 0.6661 −0.3493 1.6815 0.6661 −2.4607 3.7928 0.00 - -
TC
(liver)		 2.8 1 −9.3712 −14.0837 −4.6586 −9.3712 −14.5605 −4.1818 0.00 - - 62.17 9 <0.0001
3 3 −2.2552 −3.2123 −1.2980 −2.5488 −4.1731 −0.9244 4.50 1.2291 55.6
4 4 −1.1782 −1.8149 −0.5415 −1.6315 −2.9484 −0.3146 11.98 1.2291 75.0
4.2 4 −1.4115 −2.0064 −0.8165 −1.6940 −2.9526 −0.4353 9.42 1.2291 68.1
6 1 −1.6407 −3.0270 −0.2543 −1.6407 −4.2182 0.9368 0.00 - -
8 10 −2.4940 −2.9903 −1.9978 −2.9111 −3.7901 −2.0320 32.45 1.2291 72.3
9 3 −9.3634 −11.0438 −7.6830 −9.5728 −11.6968 −7.4488 3.86 1.2291 48.2
10 2 −2.7055 −3.6429 −1.7681 −2.7400 −4.5432 −0.9368 0.52 1.2291 0.0
12 2 −6.7401 −8.5025 −4.9776 −6.7503 −9.0902 −4.4104 0.11 1.2291 0.0
21 1 −3.0412 −4.6012 −1.4813 −3.0412 −5.7161 −0.3664 0.00 - -
TG
(liver)		 2.8 1 −5.1384 −7.8902 −2.3866 −5.1384 −9.5841 −0.6927 0.00 - - 18.28 8 0.0192
4 2 0.6597 −0.1879 1.5072 0.7060 −1.9059 3.3180 1.18 3.1738 15.0
4.2 4 −2.8029 −3.5742 −2.0316 −3.1371 −5.0651 −1.2092 6.82 3.1738 56.0
6 1 −3.2107 −5.1438 −1.2775 −3.2107 −7.2018 0.7804 0.00 - -
8 7 −2.5754 −3.2000 −1.9508 −4.0563 −5.5980 −2.5146 47.21 3.1738 87.3
9 3 −3.3928 −4.2013 −2.5842 −4.7613 −7.0104 −2.5123 24.84 3.1738 91.9
10 2 −0.9960 −1.6800 −0.3120 −0.9970 −3.5590 1.5650 0.03 3.1738 0.0
12 2 −5.0743 −6.5083 −3.6403 −5.6019 −8.5208 −2.6830 4.14 3.1738 75.8
21 1 −1.8937 −3.1313 −0.6562 −1.8937 −5.5982 1.8108 0.00 - -
TC
(feces)		 2.8 1 5.3232 2.4889 8.1575 5.3232 1.3385 9.3079 0.00 - - 10.86 8 0.2098
4 2 0.5976 −0.2454 1.4405 0.6403 −1.5136 2.7943 1.26 2.0420 20.6
4.2 4 1.6887 0.9671 2.4103 3.0580 1.3721 4.7439 30.95 2.0420 90.3
5 1 1.0557 −0.0110 2.1224 1.0557 −1.9414 4.0527 0.00 - -
6 1 1.7250 0.3145 3.1356 1.7250 −1.4109 4.8609 0.00 - -
7 3 3.0554 2.1511 3.9596 3.0669 1.2132 4.9206 0.18 2.0420 0.0
8 8 1.5481 1.0714 2.0247 2.2101 1.0727 3.3475 33.38 2.0420 79.0
12 2 4.1314 2.9406 5.3221 4.1879 1.8709 6.5048 0.59 2.0420 0.0
21 1 5.0436 2.8049 7.2823 5.0436 1.4581 8.6292 0.00 - -
TG (feces) 4 2 2.0809 1.0028 3.1590 2.0809 1.0028 3.1590 0.17 0.0000 0.0 34.97 5 <0.0001
5 1 0.1343 −0.8472 1.1157 0.1343 −0.8472 1.1157 0.00 - -
6 1 2.3328 0.7274 3.9382 2.3328 0.7274 3.9382 0.00 - -
7 3 1.9419 1.2198 2.6640 1.9419 1.2198 2.6640 0.16 0.0000 0.0
12 2 5.2475 3.8224 6.6726 5.2475 3.8224 6.6726 0.00 0.0000 0.0
21 1 2.7213 1.2585 4.1841 2.7213 1.2585 4.1841 0.00 - -
Body weight 4.2 4 −1.7969 −2.4141 −1.1796 −1.8690 −3.7561 −0.0360 3.13 3.1917 4.1 8.74 4 0.0679
6 9 −0.9479 −1.3802 −0.5155 −1.8184 −3.1069 −0.5299 56.45 3.1917 85.8
8 3 −1.4852 −2.2513 −0.7191 −1.8393 −4.0223 0.3436 9.29 3.1917 78.5
9 3 −3.9353 −4.8325 −3.0381 −5.6255 −7.9722 −3.2789 26.07 3.1917 92.3
12 3 −1.7793 −2.6526 −0.9059 −2.8871 −5.1625 −0.6117 31.84 3.1917 93.7
TNF-α 6 1 −8.0454 −10.9625 −5.1282 −8.0454 −11.4788 −4.6119 0.00 - - 19.84 3 0.0002
8 7 −1.0126 −1.4568 −0.5683 −1.0557 −1.8732 −0.2382 27.60 0.8535 78.3
10 2 −3.4666 −4.5486 −2.3845 −3.4672 −5.1437 −1.7908 0.01 0.8535 0.0
16 3 −1.4696 −2.0976 −0.8416 −1.5301 −2.7528 −0.3075 2.46 0.8535 18.6
Glucose
(blood)		 6 5 −0.4178 −0.9320 0.0963 −0.4410 −1.5333 0.6513 30.43 1.2036 86.9 8.51 5 0.1304
8 1 −4.5622 −6.1849 −2.9395 −4.5622 −7.2560 −1.8684 0.00 - -
10 2 −1.2618 −1.9991 −0.5246 −1.2927 −2.9841 0.3987 0.83 1.2036 0.0
12 1 −0.1355 −1.0133 0.7423 −0.1355 −2.4580 2.1870 0.00 - -
16 3 −0.6143 −1.1747 −0.0522 −0.6727 −2.0368 0.6914 3.57 1.2036 43.9
21 1 −0.8705 −1.9103 0.1692 −0.8705 −3.2590 1.5179 0.00 - -

1 TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride, LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein, TNF-α; Tumor necrosis factor alpha; 2 k: number of treatments; 3 SMD: standardized mean difference; 4 CI: confidence interval; 5 Q: chi-squared statistic; 6 τ2: true heterogeneity; 7 I2: Higgin’s I2 statistic; 8 Qb: Q statistics between groups; 9 df: degrees of freedom of Q statistic; 10 –: no data.