Table 1.

Proposed mechanism of action of vitamins in asthma primary prevention.

Vitamins
D	○Influence on activation of T cells and antigen-presenting cells ○Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production and modulation of the lymphocytes Th1–Th2 balance ○Inhibition of macrophage synthesis of IL-12 ○Lymphocytes B suppression ○Direct impact on the airways and remodeling inhibition
A	○Antioxidant potential ○Immunomodulation ○Regulation of Th1–Th2 lymphocytes balance by reducing oxidative stress and Th17 inhibition ○Influence on lung epithelial cell differentiation and lung development
C	○Antioxidant potential ○Anti-inflammatory properties
E	○Reduction in oxidative stress ○Decrease in immunoglobulin E production ○Airway inflammation and Th2 response reduction by lowering IL-4 production