Table 1.

Classification of language eloquence.

Classification			Points
High	Cortical	Opercular inferior frontal gyrus	3
		Posterior supramarginal gyrus
		Angular gyrus
		Posterior middle frontal gyrus
		Posterior superior temporal gyrus
		Middle superior temporal gyrus
	Subcortical	Arcuate fasciculus/deep superior longitudinal fasciculus
		Superior longitudinal fasciculus II & III
		Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
		Uncinate fasciculus
	Clinical	Preoperative language deficit * due to tumor growth	2
		Postoperative language deficit * after prior resection **
Moderate	Cortical	Triangular inferior frontal gyrus	2
		Anterior supramarginal gyrus
		Middle middle frontal gyrus
		Posterior middle temporal gyrus
		Middle middle temporal gyrus
		Posterior superior frontal gyrus
		<5 mm to Co3
	Subcortical	Middle longitudinal fasciculus
		Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
		5–10 mm to S3
	Clinical	Focal seizure accompanied by language deficit	1
Low	Cortical	>5 mm to Co3	0
		Not within Co2
	Subcortical	>10 mm to S3
		>5 mm to S2
	Clinical	No clinical history of language impairment

* transient or permanent; ** non-vascular, non-complication; Co³ = high cortical, Co² = moderate cortical, S³ = high subcortical, S² = moderate subcortical, Cl² = high clinical, Cl¹ = moderate clinical.