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. 2021 Jan 9;22(2):608. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020608

Figure 3.

Figure 3

ART treatment induces phenotypic changes of human primary monocytes. Monocytes were treated with increased doses of ART (100, 200, and, 500 µM) for 24 h in the prevention protocol in the presence or not of IL-4 (A,B). In the reversal protocol (C,D), cells were treated with IL-4 for 6 h and ART was then added in fresh medium for an additional 18 h. Phenotypic markers for M1- and M2-like monocytes (CD80, CD206, CD163, and HLA-DR) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Populations were gated for CD14 positive cells. Red percentages represent CD80 positive cells and blue percentages CD206 positive cells. Data represent mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc. *, **, ***, and ****, significantly different from control M0 cells (white bar). ## and ####, significantly different from M2 cells (grey bar). M0: Naive control monocytes maintained in RPMI 10%, M1: positive control for inflammatory monocytes maintained in LPS and, M2: immunosuppressive monocytes maintained in IL-4.