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. 2021 Jan 10;13(1):197. doi: 10.3390/nu13010197

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Anti-oxidative mechanism of Tualang, Gelam and Kelulut honeys. ROS: reactive oxygen species; MDA: malondialdehyde; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione; PC: protein carbonyl; NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinases; JNKS: c-jun N-terminal kinases; IKK-β: I-kappa-B-kinase beta; IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate-1.