Table 11.

Summary of the effects on reproductive system.

Type of Honey	Type of Study	Findings	References
Tualang honey	In vivo	The Tualang honey-treated group showed more trabecular bone structure improvements than experimental postmenopausal rats who received calcium.	[139]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey prevented uterine atrophy, increased bone density and suppressed increased body weight in ovariectomised rats.	[138]
Kelulut honey	In vivo	Kelulut honey prevented damage of sperm and testis in diabetic rats.	[55]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey protected the uterus from bisphenol-A (BPA)-induced toxicity.	[140]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey demonstrated a protective effect against cigarette smoke-induced impaired sexual behaviour and fertility in male rats.	[143]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey at a dose of 1.2 g kg daily increased epididymal sperm count without affecting spermatid count and reproductive hormones.	[142]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey supplementation during pregnancy reduced the adverse effects of prenatal restraint stress on reproductive organ weight and sperm parameters in male rat offspring.	[144]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey reduced BPA-induced ovarian toxicity by reducing the ovarian follicles’ morphological abnormalities and improving the normal oestrous cycle.	[141]
Tualang honey	Human study	The Tualang honey effect amongst oligospermic males was comparable with that of Tribestan in improving sperm concentration, motility and morphology.	[145]