Table 12.

Summary of the effect on nervous system.

Type of Honey	Type of Study	Findings	References
Kelulut honey	In vivo	Kelulut honey reduced serum triglyceride and LDL and normalised blood glucose levels in metabolic disease-induced rats. Behavioural studies showed lessened anxious behaviour and enhanced memory retention.	[113]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey improved memory performance and decreased depressive-like behaviour in rats exposed to loud noise stress.	[147]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey or 17β-oestradiol treatment demonstrated anti-depressive-like effects, possibly via restoration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and enhancement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration in stressed ovariectomised rats.	[149]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Administration of either oestrogen or Tualang honey significantly decreased anxiety-like behaviour in stressed ovariectomised rats, with improved oxidative stress status.	[151]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey and oestrogen treatments improved short-term and long-term memory and enhanced the neuronal proliferation of hippocampal CA2, CA3 and DG regions in stressed ovariectomised rats.	[150]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Pre-treatment with Tualang honey reduced kainic acid-induced neuronal degeneration, hyperactivity and oxidative stress but failed to prevent seizures.	[153]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey protected against memory decline due to noise stress exposure and ageing via enhancement of medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal morphology, possibly secondary to a reduction in brain oxidative stress and upregulation BDNF concentration and the cholinergic system.	[146]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Treatment with Tualang honey ameliorated the toxic effects induced by repeated paraquat exposure observed in midbrain and lungs. Tualang honey effect was comparable to that of ubiquinol.	[156]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Tualang honey improved oxidative stress status and spinal cord morphology and nociceptive behaviour in the offspring of prenatally stressed rats.	[154]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Pre-treatment with Tualang honey (1.2 and 2.4 g/kg) and prednisolone (10 mg/kg) reduced pain responses in the rat.	[155]
Tualang honey	In vivo	Postmenopausal women who received Tualang honey showed improvement in their immediate memory but not in immediate memory after interference and delayed recall. This finding was comparable to the improvement observed in women receiving oestrogen plus progestin therapy.	[152]