Table 9.
Study | Study Design and Goal | Sample Size and Method | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Marras et al., 2001 [260] | Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial Formulation: onabotulinumtoxinA Assessed if BoNT was useful for simple motor tics |
n = 18 Tics involving face, neck, or shoulder were selected for BoNT. Patients were either injected with onabotulinumtoxinA or placebo |
Blinking and head turning were the most common tics treated Median proportional change in placebo was +5.8% and BoNT was –39% BoNT helped decrease the premonitory urge and the frequency of tics. |
Abbreviation: BoNT—Botulinum toxin.