Table 2.
Stems cells combined with hydrogel matrices and their corresponding clinical/in vivo uses in hard tissue regeneration.
| Parent Cell Type | Assisted Matrix | Potential Clinical Use/In Vivo Experiments | Release Kinetics | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hASC | PLGA/pDA | Calvarial defects in mice | 87% in 8 days | [60] |
| hBMSC | PCL/GSNO | Barrier membrane for tissue regeneration | Not mentioned | [69] |
| hBMSC | GelMA | Cartilage repair in osteoarthritis | 56% left after 14 days | [65] |
| hGMSCs | PLA | Rat calvarial defects | Not mentioned | [70] |
| hIPSC | PIC hydrogel glue | Rabbit articular defect | 90% left in gel after 14 days | [5] |
| hIPSC | Β-TCP | Calvarial defects in mice | Burst release | [71] |
| hUCMSC | Injectable HAP—embedded in an in situ crosslinked HA–ALG hydrogel system | Calvarial defects in mice | 71.2% in 14 days | [59] |
hUCMSC (human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells); HA–ALG (hyaluronic acid–alginate); HAP (hydroxyapatite); hASC (human adipose derived stem cells); PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)) with a polydopamine-coating (pDA); hIPSC (human-induced pluripotent stem cells); PIC (photo-induced imine crosslinking gel); β-TCP (tri-calcium phosphate); hBMSC (human bone marrow stem cell); PCL (polycapronolactone) with GSNO (S-nitrosoglutathione); GelMA (methacrylate); hGMSCs (human gingival mesenchymal stem cell; PLA (polylactide).