Table 3.
Effect of xylitol on plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and glucagon.
| Parameters | A: Placebo (n = 12) |
B: Xylitol 7 g (n = 12) |
C: Xylitol 17 g (n = 12) |
D: Xylitol 35 g (n = 12) |
p-Values (Overall) |
p-Values (post-hoc) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | Fasting values (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | NS | |
| iAUC (0–60 min) (mmol × min/L) | −4.5 ± 4.0 | 6.8 ± 18.6 | 18.2 ± 0.3 | 15.5 ± 22.3 | p < 0.001 | A vs. C: p < 0.001 | |
| iAUC (0–180 min) (mmol × min/L) | −8.4 ± 14.1 | −8.3 ± 56.4 | 12.8 ± 35.4 | −1.0 ± 49.4 | NS | ||
| iCmax (mmol/L) | 0.07 ± 0.1 | 0.37 ± 0.33 | 0.55 ± 0.21 | 0.67 ± 0.39 | p < 0.001 | A vs. C: p < 0.001 A vs. D: p = 0.001 |
|
| Tmax (min) | 43.8 ± 48.9 | 31.3 ± 47.6 | 23.8 ± 10.0 | 22.5 ± 15.0 | NS | ||
| iCmin (mmol/L) | −0.19 ± 0.07 | −0.23 ± 0.25 | −0.21 ± 0.16 | −0.44 ± 0.31 | NS | ||
| Tmin (min) | 55.0 ± 55.9 | 50.0 ± 54.0 | 102.5 ± 62.0 | 97.5 ± 59.8 | NS | ||
| Insulin | Fasting values (mmol/L) | 0.033± 0.012 | 0.031 ± 0.009 | 0.028 ± 0.010 | 0.032 ± 0.011 | NS | |
| iAUC(0–60 min) (mmol × min/L) | −0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | p < 0.001 | A vs. C: p < 0.001 A vs. D: p < 0.001 B vs. D: p = 0.001 C vs. D: p = 0.004 |
|
| iAUC (0–180 min) (mmol × min/L) | −0.6 ± 1.2 | −0.18 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.95 | 2.9 ± 2.5 | p = 0.008 | A vs. D: p = 0.010 B vs. D: p = 0.006 C vs. D: p = 0.008 |
|
| iCmax (mmol/L) | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | p < 0.001 | A vs. C: p = 0.030 A vs. D: p < 0.001 B vs. D: p = 0.001 C vs. D: p = 0.036 |
|
| Tmax (min) | 41.3 ± 66.8 | 20.0 ± 22.5 | 15.0 ± 0.0 | 25.0 ± 14.8 | NS | ||
| iCmin (mmol/L) | −0.01 ± 0.01 | −0.01 ± 0.01 | −0-01 ± 0-011 | −0.01 ± 0.01 | NS | ||
| Tmin (min) | 96.3 ± 72.8 | 88.8 ± 67.2 | 118.8 ± 77.9 | 126.3 ± 73.9 | NS | ||
| Glucagon | Fasting values (pmol/L) | 5.54 ± 1.50 | 5.00 ± 2.35 | 5.83 ± 2.42 | 4.92 ± 1.74 | NS | |
| iAUC (0–60 min) (pmol × min/L) | −20.3 ± 78.9 | −3.1 ± 64.7 | −32.5 ± 36.8 | 34.4 ± 62.2 | NS | ||
| iAUC (0–180 min) (pmol × min/L) | −154.1 ± 268.1 | −9.4 ± 233.6 | −102.5 ± 147.7 | 11.88 ± 170.4 | NS | ||
| iCmax (pmol/L) | 1.04 ± 1.14 | 1.25 ± 0.78 | 0.75 ± 0.45 | 1.92 ± 0.97 | p = 0.011 | C vs D: p = 0.012 | |
| Tmax (min) | 22.5 ± 18.6 | 31.3 ± 38.1 | 50.0 ± 39.1 | 75.0 ± 56.1 | p = 0.018 | A vs D: p = 0.082 | |
| iCmin (pmol/L) | −2.00 ± 1.28 | −1.54 ± 1.53 | −1.75 ± 1.06 | 1.83 ± 0.86 | NS | ||
| Tmin (min) | 52.8 ± 34.1 | 56.38 ± 52.1 | 537 ± 52.1 | 46.3 ± 47.6 | NS | ||
Data are expressed as mean ± SD and reported from baseline (incremental). Statistical tests: Linear mixed-effects modeling followed by Šidak post-hoc test in case of overall significance.