Table 12.

Applications of POFA.

Percentage of Replacement of POFA, %	Applications	Ref.
POFA filler POFA ash POFA binder	To upsurge the concrete strength	[16,43,53,78,89]
	To use as an effective polymer concrete filler	[107]
	To reduce the total temperature rise	[66]
	To improve surface resistance and water permeability of concrete	[49]
	To construct roads, ground in the plantations and mills	[12,16,30,82]
	To produce unfired green bricks	[57,139,144]
	In produce foamed concrete	[24,25,66,145]
	To produce aerated concrete	[73,81,139]
	To produce lightweight FC for non-structural building material	[24,25,33,66]
	To construct footbridge and low-cost house	[1,14,70]
0% and 20%	The 20% POFA in concrete attained in the reduction of DS.	[26,90]
0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% and 17.5%	The 12.5% of POFA substituted on OPC displays the enhancement in strength.	[8,146]
0%, 10%, 30% and 50% 0% and 70%	The 10% of POFA illustrates the greater strength than reference at the age of 3 months.	[39,64,143]
0%, 50%, 60% and 70%	The strength of concrete encompassing a high POFA content explains the lesser strength. The high content of POFA reduced workability but improved with the use of a super-plasticizer.	[57]
0%, 5%, 10% and 15%	Workability indicates a significant decrease with the addition of a high volume of POFA. The 15% POFA substitution demonstrates a higher strength similar to normal concrete samples.	[30,64,120,126]
0%, 50%, 60% and 70%	The abilities of passing and filling are superior to reference. 70% of OPC substitution was recommended to make durable concrete.	[51,52,53,61]
0%, 10%, 15% and 20%	The increments of the content of POFA contribute to a reduction in initial hardened properties, but the SCC strength comprising POFA was equivalent.	[51,64]
0%, 30% and 60%	The replacement of POFA, shows weak concrete workability with an acceptable limit. Higher content of POFA substitution presents a reduction in strength.	[66,67]
10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%	The 20% inclusion of POFA into FC exhibits the suitable strength of FC for non-structural concrete applications.	[24,25,66]