Table 2.
Applications of inorganic nanoparticles for drug delivery to ocular surfaces.
| Inorganic Nanomaterial | Drug | Application | Animal Model | Function | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AuNPs | Resveratrol | Injection | Reduced retinal inflammation | [65] | |
| Topical | Rat | Decrease the intraocular oxidative damage | [66] | ||
| Immunoglobulin-G | Subretinal injection | Rabbit | Improved biodistribution | [67] | |
| DNA | Treat retinal dystrophies | [68] | |||
| AgNPs | Rat | Produced antioxidants Exhibit anticataractogenic |
[75] | ||
| Anti-vasopermeability | [76] | ||||
| Antifungal activity | [79] | ||||
| Cerium oxide NPs | Rat | Reduced photoreceptor damaged | [88] | ||
| Mice | Decreased reactive oxygen species | [85] | |||
| Intravenous injection | Rat | Decrease neurodegenerative | [89] | ||
| Intravitreal injection | Mice | Inhibit neovascularization | [90] | ||
| MSNs | Brimonidine | Topical | Rabbit | Enhancement in ocular bioavailability | [91] |
| MNPs | Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) | Intravitreal injection | Rat | Increase tenfold in delivery of drug load to the site of interest | [98] |
| Polymer-coated MNPs | Intravitreal injection | Rat | polymer-coated MNPs found to be nontoxic to the photoreceptors | [99] |