Table 3.
Injury incidence, distribution of athletes according to the number of injuries, and distribution of injuries according to severity, exposure, recurrence, mode of onset, and possible cause in elite endurance runners with different ACTN3 R577X genotypes.
| Variable | All | RR | RX | XX | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence | /per year | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.321 |
| /1000 h or running | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 0.030 | |
| Number | No injury (%) | 36.0 | 39.5 | 31.4 | 37.5 | 0.177 |
| 1 injury (%) | 31.5 | 21.1 | 40.0 | 37.5 | ||
| 2 injuries (%) | 21.3 | 18.4 | 22.9 | 25.0 | ||
| ≥3 injuries (%) | 11.2 | 21.1 | 5.7 | 0.0 | ||
| Time loss | Medical attention (%) | 9.2 | 7.1 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 0.819 |
| Time loss (%) | 90.8 | 92.9 | 89.7 | 88.2 | ||
| Severity | Minor (%) | 13.4 | 12.9 | 12.7 | 16.0 | 0.993 |
| Moderate (%) | 51.4 | 51.6 | 52.7 | 48.0 | ||
| Serious (%) | 35.2 | 35.5 | 34.5 | 36.0 | ||
| Exposure | Training (%) | 94.9 | 95.3 | 94.9 | 94.1 | 0.981 |
| Competition (%) | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.9 | ||
| Recurrence | New onset (%) | 61.2 | 59.5 | 66.7 | 52.9 | 0.598 |
| Recurrent (%) | 38.8 | 40.5 | 33.3 | 47.1 | ||
| Mode of onset | Sudden (%) | 46.9 | 45.2 | 43.6 | 58.8 | 0.552 |
| Gradual (%) | 53.1 | 54.8 | 56.4 | 41.2 | ||
| Possible cause | Excessive load (%) | 62.2 | 61.9 | 61.5 | 64.7 | 0.526 |
| Surface (%) | 11.2 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 0.0 | ||
| Shoe (%) | 8.2 | 4.8 | 7.7 | 17.6 | ||
| Biomechanics (%) | 4.1 | 7.1 | 2.6 | 0.0 | ||
| Unknown (%) | 14.3 | 14.3 | 12.8 | 17.6 |
Data are frequencies (in percentage) from the total of injuries recorded in each genotype.