. 2021 Jan 12;10(1):145. doi: 10.3390/foods10010145

Table 3.

Results of cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon and Riesling wine analysis at two CO₂ levels (aCO₂ and eCO₂) after fermentation of vintages 2014, 2015 and 2016.

	Cabernet Sauvignon						Riesling
year	2014		2015		2016		2014		2015		2016
treatment	aCO₂	eCO₂	aCO₂	eCO₂	aCO₂	eCO₂	aCO₂	eCO₂	aCO₂	eCO₂	aCO₂	eCO₂
total alcohol [g/L]	105.83 ± 5.02	106.06 ± 4.88	99.96 ± 5.94	95.87 ± 4.37	93.73 ± 2.65	92.85 ± 2.48	91.96 ± 1.55	91.99 ± 2.14	102.25 ± 3.49	99.80 ± 2.56	101.33 ± 1.58	98.52 ± 0.18
sf-extract [g/L]	24.9 ± 0.6	25.6 ± 0.4	24.7 ± 0.7	24.7 ± 0.8	21.9 ± 0.7	21.7 ± 0.5	19.0 ± 3.4	21.5 ± 0.3	23.4 ± 1.2	23.5 ± 0.4	19.9 ± 0.5	20.1 ± 0.5
TA [g/L]	6.93 ± 0.25	7.03 ± 0.13	7.13 ± 0.47	7.33 ± 0.15	6.67 ± 0.29	6.87 ± 0.12	10.90 ± 0.41	11.08 ± 0.10	12.66 ± 0.35	12.88 ± 0.11	9.17 ± 0.38	9.57 ± 0.21
tartA [g/L]	3.20 ± 0.48	3.22 ± 0.10	3.67 ± 0.50	3.90 ± 0.10	2.73 ± 0.40	2.87 ± 0.15	5.94 ± 0.92	5.28 ± 0.07	5.92 ± 0.37	5.94 ± 0.08	4.27 ± 0.35	4.43 ± 0.06
malA [g/L]	2.34 ± 0.25	2.43 ± 0.05	2.27 ± 0.06	2.43 ± 0.32	2.63 ± 0.15	2.70 ± 0.20	3.72 ± 0.21	3.62 ± 0.14	4.33 ± 0.12	4.57 ± 0.10	2.87 ± 0.25	3.03 ± 0.32
pH	3.25 ± 0.11	3.24 ± 0.03	3.23 ± 0.06	3.20 ± 0.00	3.47 ± 0.06	3.40 ± 0.00	2.41 ± 0.27	2.65 ± 0.00	2.46 ± 0.07	2.46 ± 0.05	3.03 ± 0.06	3.00 ± 0.00
gly [g/L]	8.80 ± 0.37	8.53 ± 0.17	7.83 ± 0.47	7.37 ± 0.25	7.07 ± 0.21	7.10 ± 0.17	6.09 ± 0.72	5.33 ± 0.17	6.09 ± 0.33	6.14 ± 0.27	5.40 ± 0.30	5.30 ± 0.26
vA [g/L]	0.38 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.06	0.30 ± 0.00	0.33 ± 0.06	0.33 ± 0.06	0.44 ± 0.01	0.46 ± 0.01	0.62 ± 0.02	0.66 ± 0.02	0.50 ± 0.00	0.50 ± 0.00
2,3-butanediol [mg/L]	294.50 ± 37.03	269.67 ± 23.22	303.44 ± 45.35	233.75 ± 30.06	219.20 ± 52.45	217.84 ± 23.32	290.42 ± 31.70	267.98 ± 39.77	240.70 ± 37.71	257.47 ± 55.66	281.43 ± 3.14	267.91 ± 6.27
2-methyl-propanol [mg/L]	149.17 ± 9.83	162.17 ± 17.21	110.26 ± 15.30	133.15 ± 6.08	103.77 ± 1.95	94.79 ± 18.07	-	-	-	-	-	-
2-phenylethanol [mg/L]	71.67 ± 3.75	69.50 ± 4.09	71.28 ± 12.94	69.74 ± 16.86	79.53 ± 8.14	84.02 ± 1.72	39.00 ± 1.67	39.41 ± 2.08	38.87 ± 2.05	40.40 ± 3.31	37.74 ± 3.10	35.01 ± 4.89
3-methyl-butanol [mg/L]	474.67 ± 12.11	498.50 ± 21.47	354.49 ± 38.83	394.54 ± 38.42	372.53 ± 57.90	383.49 ± 44.14	154.37 ± 6.39	157.22 ± 2.49	145.26 ± 21.96	143.69 ± 4.32	141.78 ± 12.75	135.55 ± 21.03
cafA [mg/L]	27.83 ± 1.61	31.17 ± 1.89	23.83 ± 0.52	25.71 ± 1.26	17.48 ± 0.99	19.11 ± 0.71	61.58 ± 3.92	65.96 ± 9.35	39.83 ± 18.58	29.97 ± 10.33	48.45 ± 13.31	44.67 ± 3.61
cA [g/L]	0.30 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.1	0.33 ± 0.04	0.34 ± 0.04	-	-	-	-	-	-
epicatechin [mg/L]	41.7 ± 19.7	43.2 ± 17.9	46.3 ± 3.7	51.4 ± 10.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
galA [mg/L]	504.50 ± 36.34	425.33 ± 25.27	237.39 ± 37.07	166.26 ± 3.10	268.59 ± 48.92	264.97 ± 43.52	-	-	-	-	-	-
methanol [mg/L]	97.83 ± 4.54	92.83 ± 1.26	77.39 ± 5.34	70.27 ± 3.77	76.25 ± 24.48	81.15 ± 5.71	37.95 ± 3.60	36.12 ± 2.26	42.24 ± 2.92	40.24 ± 5.08	44.29 ± 3.20	40.49 ± 3.68
shA [mg/L]	135.83 ± 6.53	135.17 ± 5.35	111.77 ± 13.16	106.04 ± 1.25	129.43 ± 16.67	127.62 ± 8.70	44.12 ± 2.70	47.95 ± 1.52	43.96 ± 0.93	45.38 ± 1.42	44.90 ± 4.37	42.03 ± 0.88
sucA [g/L]	0.99 ± 0.19	0.88 ± 0.11	0.92 ± 0.32	0.69 ± 0.12	1.04 ± 0.23	1.04 ± 0.22	0.60 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.07	0.83 ± 0.05	0.80 ± 0.12	0.81 ± 0.07	0.79 ± 0.01
trigonelline [mg/L]	13.5 ± 0.9	14.0 ± 0.5	13.4 ± 1.3	13.9 ± 1.2	11.4 ± 0.5	11.1 ± 1.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
TP [mg/L]	1853.3 ± 206.4	1870.0 ± 179.0	1859.2 ± 320.9	1749.3 ± 109.0	1177.7 ± 45.3	1164.3 ± 31.1	211.3 ± 6.7	215.3 ± 9.8	180.0 ± 25.9	164.7 ± 15.8	165.0 ± 9.3	162.5 ± 4.1
TEAC	21.8 ± 1.9	21.2 ± 1.2	21.4 ± 3.5	19.0 ± 1.0	13.4 ± 0.2	13.3 ± 0.3	-	-	-	-	-	-

Values are the mean (± SD) of three FACE rings per treatment with aCO₂ (A1, A2 and A3) and eCO₂ (E1, E2 and E3). Total alcohol in wine was calculated by the sum of actual alcohol and potential alcohol (residual sugar).