Mean Ranks	Commercial (n = 17)	Semi-commercial (n = 20)	Communal (n = 18)	Mean Rank p -Value
Thin cows	13.9	69.4	69.9	<0.001
Emaciated cows	11.5	25.4	46.5	<0.001
Poor rumen fill	9.6	29.7	43.5	<0.001
Dirtiness	28.2	23.5	32.8	0.021
Swelling	25.9	30.3	27.5	0.470
Hair loss	17.0	30.2	35.9	0.002
Abrasion	16.3	25.8	41.4	<0.001
Extraneous brands/cuts	20.6	29.9	32.9	0.007
Broken tails	-	-	-	-
Long horns	10.1	32.3	40.2	<0.001
Blindness	30.9	26.0	27.5	0.113
Ocular discharge	28.6	27.0	28.5	0.552
Nasal discharge	28.6	27.0	28.5	0.552
Diarrhea	31.5	17.5	36.4	<0.001
Lameness	24.2	21.4	39.0	0.001
Dystocia	26.8	26.5	30.9	0.637
Tick burden	18.5	31.0	33.6	0.002
Fly burden	21.1	31.1	31.1	0.073
Deaths from disease	30.0	24.8	29.7	0.546
Accidental deaths	28.8	25.2	30.4	0.197
Culling for health	30.3	25.5	28.7	0.363
Predation/snake	24.4	17.4	43.1	<0.001
a Nutritional deficiency deaths	17.5	38.3	26.4	0.002
Poisoning deaths	26.5	29.3	28.0	0.410
ᵇ Reproduction deaths	30.4	23.6	30.6	0.018
Annual mortality rate	13.3	34.0	35.2	<0.001
Fearful/Agitate	25.3	28.3	30.3	0.693
Fall/lie	31.0	25.3	28.2	0.347
Stumble	32.4	27.6	24.3	0.147
Run exit	34.8	24.2	25.9	0.197
ͣ Nutritional deaths included weight loss and mineral deficiency (e.g., phosphate) deaths. ᵇ Reproduction related deaths included dystocia, retained placenta, and vaginal prolapse complications.