Table 2.
Studies with negative prognostic impact of CTO-PCI related to previously defined PMI.
| Lee et al. [55] | Zhang et al. [61] | Kim et al. [59] | Lo et al. [60] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study design | Retrospective cohort study | Prospective cohort study | Prospective cohort study | Retrospective cohort study |
| Number of CTO patients | 1058 | 629 | 337 | 325 |
| Duration of follow up (median) | 52 months | 12 months | 30 months | 28 months |
| Definition of PMI | CK-MB ≥ 3xURL | CK-MB ≥ 3xURL | CK-MB ≥ 3xURL | CK-MB ≥ 3xURL |
| Rate of PMI (%) | 11.4 | 18.3 | 6.8 | 8.6 |
| Association of retrograde approach with PMI |
OR: 2.27,
p = 0.002 |
OR: 1.35,
p = 0.04 |
No association found |
13.8% vs. 6.7%,
p = 0.044 |
| All-cause mortality (PMI vs. non-PMI) |
HR: 1.96,
p = 0.01 |
2.6% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.16 |
HR: 4.35,
p = 0.048 |
— |
| Cardiac Mortality (PMI vs. non-PMI) |
HR: 1.92,
p = 0.04 |
2.6% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.09 |
HR: 13.3,
p = 0.001 |
— |
| MACE (PMI vs. non-PMI) |
— |
12.2% vs. 4.1%,
p = 0.001 |
HR: 5.2,
p = 0.002 |
HR: 2.25,
p = 0.006 |
CK-MB, creatine kinase myocardial band; CTO, chronic total occlusion; HR, hazard ratio; MACE, major cardiovascular event; OR, odds ratio; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PMI, periprocedural myocardial infarction; URL, upper reference limit. Bold values indicate statistically significant p values (p < 0.05); — means no information available.