Table 1.
Demographic/clinical parameters and brain measurements of subjects.
| C | SzTypal | Sz | Group Comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/female | 49/39 | 29/18 | 59/52 | Chi squared = 0.98, p = 0.613 |
| Age (years) | 24.1 ± 6.0 | 25.0 ± 5.4 | 25.8 ± 5.4 | F (2, 243) = 2.38, p = 0.095 |
| Height (cm) | 166.3 ± 7.8 | 165.9 ± 8.7 | 164.5 ± 8.0 | F (2, 243) = 1.34, p = 0.264 |
| Education (years) | 15.7 ± 3.0 | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 13.5 ± 2.0 | F (2, 243) = 26.23, p < 0.001; Sz, SzTypal < C |
| Parental education (years) 1 | 13.0 ± 2.3 | 12.3 ± 1.7 | 12.5 ± 2.0 | F (2, 234) = 1.81, p = 0.166 |
| Age of onset (years) | - | - | 22.2 ± 4.7 | - |
| Duration of illness (years) | - | - | 3.6 ± 4.1 | - |
| Dose of medication (HPD equivalent, mg/day) | - | 4.8 ± 5.7 | 10.1 ± 8.8 | F (1, 156) = 14.64, p < 0.001; SzTypal < Sz |
| Duration of medication (years) | - | 1.5 ± 3.0 | 2.7 ± 3.6 | F (1, 156) = 3.70, p = 0.056 |
| Medication type (typical/atypical/mixed) 2 | - | 14/26/0 | 40/65/4 | Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.636 |
| Total SAPS scores 3 | - | 16.0 ± 9.2 | 27.2 ± 20.9 | F (1, 147) = 11.86, p < 0.001; SzTypal < Sz |
| Total SANS scores 3 | - | 41.9 ± 21.7 | 49.8 ± 22.8 | F (1, 147) = 3.93, p = 0.049; SzTypal < Sz |
Values represent means ± standard deviations (SDs) unless otherwise stated. C, controls; HPD, haloperidol; SANS, scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; SAPS, scale for the assessment of positive symptoms; Sz, schizophrenia; SzTypal, schizotypal disorder. 1 Data missing for one control, four SzTypal, and four Sz subjects. 2 Seven SzTypal patients were antipsychotic-naïve. Two Sz patients were antipsychotic-free at scanning. 3 Data missing for two SzTypal and seven Sz patients.