Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jan 12;10(1):102. doi: 10.3390/antiox10010102

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Reactive oxygen species–mediated autophagy induction. Autophagy is induced by ROS at different levels across the machinery, including initiation (through direct or indirect ROS-mediated modulation of AMPK and mTORC1 activity); nucleation, via Caveolin-1 or PKD-dependent activation of the VPS34/BECN1 complex and elongation, through ROS-dependent activation of Atg4. KEAP1. AMPK, 5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; ATG, autophagy related proteins; ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated; BECN1, beclin-1; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; KEAP1, Kelch ECH associating protein 1; LC3, light chain of protein 1 associated to microtubules 3; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PKD, protein kinase D; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; SQSTM1, sequestosome 1 protein (p62); ULK, UNC-51–like kinase.