Table 4.
DNA Methylation by Aflatoxin B1 Exposure Group at 3 Weeks and 3 Months of Age in Blood.
| Tp53 | H19 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure Group | Mean (SD) | N | ANOVA p-Value | Effect Estimate (SE) | p-Value | Mean (SD) | N | ANOVA p-Value | Effect Estimate (SE) | p-Value |
| 3-weeks | ||||||||||
| Control | 3.10 (2.44) | 18 | 0.07 * | ref | 41.74 (2.68) | 18 | 0.08 | ref | ||
| Low—0.5 mg/kg | 4.55 (2.61) | 18 | 1.69 (0.73) | 0.02 | 40.79 (2.16) | 18 | −0.80 (1.04) | 0.44 | ||
| High—5.0 mg/kg | 6.15 (4.86) | 14 | 3.42 (0.78) | <0.0001 | 42.83 (2.88) | 16 | 1.07 (1.08) | 0.32 | ||
| 3-months | ||||||||||
| Control | 0.82 (1.20) | 20 | <0.001 | ref | 52.87 (16.08) | 17 | 0.038 | ref | ||
| Low—0.5 mg/kg | 2.48 (1.94) | 23 | 1.52 (0.38) | 0.0002 | 42.96 (6.40) | 23 | −10.7 (6.05) | 0.08 | ||
| High—5.0 mg/kg | 4.53 (2.24) | 13 | 3.11 (0.44) | <0.0001 | 41.18 (18.97) | 15 | −12.8 (6.59) | 0.05 | ||
For each exposure group, Mean ± SD of percent methylation at each gene is shown along with a p-value from ANOVA comparing the groups. * Indicates Welch’s test was used instead of ANOVA because variances were unequal (Leven’s test p = 0.04). Mixed-effects regression was also performed, and effect estimates are shown for the exposure group. For Tp53, the outcome consists of repeat measures of DNA methylation at 9 CpG sites, and the model adjusts for offspring sex and CpG site. For H19, the outcome is repeat measures at 6 CpG sites, and the model adjusts for sex, site, and a random intercept for dam.