| CTSK | Cathepsin K |
| PD | Periodontal disease |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| PDLF | Periodontal ligament fibroblast |
| DPSC | Dental pulp stem cell |
| GF | Gingival fibroblast |
| RANKL | Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand |
| M-CSF | Macrophage-colony stimulating factor |
| OPG | Osteoprotegerin |
| BMM | Bone marrow-derived macrophage |
| TRAP | Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase |
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