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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Microbiol. 2020 Oct 21;22(12):4934–4952. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.15274

Table 1:

List of mechanisms associated with clinical triazole resistance in isolates of A. fumigatus.

Gene Name Systematic Name
Description
Alteration Reference
cyp51A Afu4g06890
14-alpha sterol demethylase
TR34/L98H Mellado, E., et al., 2007
Snelders, E., et al., 2008
Gsaller, F., et al., 2016
cyp51A Afu4g06890
14-alpha sterol demethylase
TR46/Y121F/T289A Chowdhary, A., et al., 2014
Snelders, E., et al., 2015
cyp51A Afu4g06890
14-alpha sterol demethylase
G54 Diaz-Guerra, T.M., et al., 2003
cyp51A Afu4g06890
14-alpha sterol demethylase
G138 Manavathu, E.K., et al., 2000
Xiao, L., et al., 2004
cyp51A Afu4g06890
14-alpha sterol demethylase
M220 Mellado, E., et al., 2004
Howard, S.J., et al., 2013
cyp51A Afu4g06890
14-alpha sterol demethylase
G448S Krishnan Natesan, S., et al., 2012
Bellete, B., et al., 2010
hapE Afu2g14720
Sequence-specific CCAAT DNA binding transcription factor
P88L Camps, S.M., et al., 2012
hmg1 Afu2g03700
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase
S269F Hagiwara, D., et al., 2018
hmg1 Afu2g03700
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase
F262 deletion Rybak, J.M., et al., 2019
hmg1 Afu2g03700
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase
S305P Rybak, J.M., et al., 2019
hmg1 Afu2g03700
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase
I412S Rybak, J.M., et al., 2019
cdr1B/ abcC Afu1g14330
Putative ABC transporter
Overexpression Fraczek, M.G., et al., 2013
Hagiwara, D., et al., 2016
atrF Afu6g04360
Putative ABC transporter
Overexpression Slaven, J.W., et al., 2002
mdr1 Afu5g06070
ABC multidrug transporter
Overexpression Fraczek, M.G., et al., 2013
Nascimento, A.M., et al., 2003
Rajendran, R., et al., 2011
mdr2 Afu4g10000
ABC multidrug transporter
Overexpression Fraczek, M.G., et al., 2013
Nascimento, A.M., et al., 2003
Rajendran, R., et al., 2011
Mdr3 Afu3g03500
Putative multidrug resistance protein
Overexpression Nascimento, A.M., et al., 2003
Mdr4 Afu1g12690
ABC multidrug transporter
Overexpression Nascimento, A.M., et al., 2003