Table 1:
List of mechanisms associated with clinical triazole resistance in isolates of A. fumigatus.
| Gene Name | Systematic Name Description |
Alteration | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| cyp51A | Afu4g06890 14-alpha sterol demethylase |
TR34/L98H |
Mellado, E., et al., 2007 Snelders, E., et al., 2008 Gsaller, F., et al., 2016 |
| cyp51A | Afu4g06890 14-alpha sterol demethylase |
TR46/Y121F/T289A |
Chowdhary, A., et al., 2014 Snelders, E., et al., 2015 |
| cyp51A | Afu4g06890 14-alpha sterol demethylase |
G54 | Diaz-Guerra, T.M., et al., 2003 |
| cyp51A | Afu4g06890 14-alpha sterol demethylase |
G138 |
Manavathu, E.K., et al., 2000 Xiao, L., et al., 2004 |
| cyp51A | Afu4g06890 14-alpha sterol demethylase |
M220 |
Mellado, E., et al., 2004 Howard, S.J., et al., 2013 |
| cyp51A | Afu4g06890 14-alpha sterol demethylase |
G448S |
Krishnan Natesan, S., et al., 2012 Bellete, B., et al., 2010 |
| hapE | Afu2g14720 Sequence-specific CCAAT DNA binding transcription factor |
P88L | Camps, S.M., et al., 2012 |
| hmg1 | Afu2g03700 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase |
S269F | Hagiwara, D., et al., 2018 |
| hmg1 | Afu2g03700 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase |
F262 deletion | Rybak, J.M., et al., 2019 |
| hmg1 | Afu2g03700 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase |
S305P | Rybak, J.M., et al., 2019 |
| hmg1 | Afu2g03700 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase |
I412S | Rybak, J.M., et al., 2019 |
| cdr1B/ abcC | Afu1g14330 Putative ABC transporter |
Overexpression |
Fraczek, M.G., et al., 2013 Hagiwara, D., et al., 2016 |
| atrF | Afu6g04360 Putative ABC transporter |
Overexpression | Slaven, J.W., et al., 2002 |
| mdr1 | Afu5g06070 ABC multidrug transporter |
Overexpression |
Fraczek, M.G., et al., 2013 Nascimento, A.M., et al., 2003 Rajendran, R., et al., 2011 |
| mdr2 | Afu4g10000 ABC multidrug transporter |
Overexpression |
Fraczek, M.G., et al., 2013 Nascimento, A.M., et al., 2003 Rajendran, R., et al., 2011 |
| Mdr3 | Afu3g03500 Putative multidrug resistance protein |
Overexpression | Nascimento, A.M., et al., 2003 |
| Mdr4 | Afu1g12690 ABC multidrug transporter |
Overexpression | Nascimento, A.M., et al., 2003 |