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. 2021 Jan 13;13(1):103. doi: 10.3390/v13010103

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Time-scaled phylogeographic relationships between the NDV isolates in east African region, and (B) a west-to-east spatial-temporal dispersal of the NDV genotype V.3 isolates between 2010 and 2018 in Kenya. The analyses were performed based on the nucleotide sequences of the NDV F-gene and included the 32 Kenyan isolates sequenced in the current study and previously sequenced isolates reported between 2010 and 2016. The numbers on the phylogeographic tree nodes (panel A) represent tip height (from the oldest to the youngest isolate). Note that the isolates are color-coded depending on the sources of the chickens from which they were isolated (see a magnified map in Figure S4).