Table 1.
Patient characteristics stratified by treatment with vitamin D.
| Characteristic | Total Population (n = 91) |
No Treatment with Vitamin D (n = 55) |
Treatment with Vitamin D (n = 36) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | ||||
| Age (years) | 74 ± 13 | 74 ± 13 | 73 ± 13 | 0.817 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 50 (55) | 31 (56) | 19 (53) | 0.738 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 21 (23) | 8 (15) | 13 (36) | 0.018 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 4.2 | 27 ± 5 | 26 ± 4 | 0.099 |
| Comorbidity burden, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 9 (10) | 7 (13) | 2 (6) | |
| 1 | 32 (35) | 23 (42) | 9 (25) | 0.013 |
| 2 | 24 (26) | 14 (25) | 10 (28) | |
| ≥3 | 26 (29) | 11 (20) | 15 (42) | |
| Major comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 72 (79) | 43 (78) | 29 (81) | 0.786 |
| COPD | 17 (19) | 7 (13) | 10 (28) | 0.073 |
| CKD | 13 (14) | 2 (4) | 11 (31) | <0.001 |
| Active cancer | 11 (12) | 7 (13) | 4 (11) | 0.818 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 (33) | 18 (33) | 12 (33) | 0.952 |
| Hematological diseases | 8 (9) | 2 (4) | 6 (17) | 0.033 |
| Endocrine diseases | 14 (15) | 7 (13) | 7 (19) | 0.388 |
| Respiratory function/laboratory | ||||
| PaO2/FiO2 mmHg ratio | 280 (188–336) | 280 (173–328) | 280 (192–357) | 0.612 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 71 (65–81) | 71 (65–81) | 72 (63–83) | 0.606 |
| O2 saturation (%) | 96 (95–98) | 96 (95–98) | 96 (93–97) | 0.157 |
| 25(OH) vitamin D (nmol/L) | 35 (16–60) | 36 (19–77) | 24 (12–42) | 0.015 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 88 (69–115) | 88 (71–113) | 88 (62–115) | 0.812 |
| Procalcitonin (µg/L) | 0.25 (0.08–0.52) | 0.21 (0.07–0.48) | 0.41 (0.13–0.60) | 0.490 |
| D-dimer (µg/L) | 610 (207–1264) | 317 (172–966) | 936 (533–1452) | 0.001 |
| LDH (U/L) | 365 (240–484) | 373 (264–503) | 317 (218–394) | 0.057 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.14 (2.07–2.21) | 2.14 (2.07–2.24) | 2.15 (2.07–2.19) | 0.842 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 0.95 (0.78–1.13) | 0.93 (0.74–1.13) | 0.97 (0.78–1.16) | 0.167 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 64 (30–133) | 69 (33–148) | 55 (25–88) | 0.091 |
| Current treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 68 (75) | 35 (64) | 33 (92) | 0.003 |
| Azithromycin | 70 (77) | 39 (71) | 31 (86) | 0.094 |
| Glucocorticoids | 41 (45) | 24 (44) | 17 (47) | 0.738 |
| Tocilizumab | 13 (14) | 6 (11) | 7 (19) | 0.258 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 30 (33) | 9 (16) | 21 (58) | <0.001 |
| Other antibiotics | 71 (78) | 47 (86) | 24 (67) | 0.035 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median and interquartile range, or absolute number and percentage, as appropriate. BMI = body mass index, CKD = chronic kidney disease, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP = C-reactive protein, LDH = lactose dehydrogenase, PaO2/FiO2 = partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen. The p-values in bold text denote statistically significant differences between specific variables according to treatment with vitamin D. Normal laboratory ranges can be found at the following link: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172316-overview.