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. 2021 Jan 14;13(1):219. doi: 10.3390/nu13010219

Table 1.

Patient characteristics stratified by treatment with vitamin D.

Characteristic Total Population
(n = 91)
No Treatment with
Vitamin D (n = 55)
Treatment with
Vitamin D (n = 36)
p-Value
General
Age (years) 74 ± 13 74 ± 13 73 ± 13 0.817
Male gender, n (%) 50 (55) 31 (56) 19 (53) 0.738
Current smokers, n (%) 21 (23) 8 (15) 13 (36) 0.018
BMI (kg/m2) 26.6 ± 4.2 27 ± 5 26 ± 4 0.099
Comorbidity burden, n (%)
0 9 (10) 7 (13) 2 (6)
1 32 (35) 23 (42) 9 (25) 0.013
2 24 (26) 14 (25) 10 (28)
≥3 26 (29) 11 (20) 15 (42)
Major comorbidities, n (%)
Cardiovascular disease 72 (79) 43 (78) 29 (81) 0.786
COPD 17 (19) 7 (13) 10 (28) 0.073
CKD 13 (14) 2 (4) 11 (31) <0.001
Active cancer 11 (12) 7 (13) 4 (11) 0.818
Diabetes mellitus 30 (33) 18 (33) 12 (33) 0.952
Hematological diseases 8 (9) 2 (4) 6 (17) 0.033
Endocrine diseases 14 (15) 7 (13) 7 (19) 0.388
Respiratory function/laboratory
PaO2/FiO2 mmHg ratio 280 (188–336) 280 (173–328) 280 (192–357) 0.612
PaO2 (mmHg) 71 (65–81) 71 (65–81) 72 (63–83) 0.606
O2 saturation (%) 96 (95–98) 96 (95–98) 96 (93–97) 0.157
25(OH) vitamin D (nmol/L) 35 (16–60) 36 (19–77) 24 (12–42) 0.015
Creatinine (µmol/L) 88 (69–115) 88 (71–113) 88 (62–115) 0.812
Procalcitonin (µg/L) 0.25 (0.08–0.52) 0.21 (0.07–0.48) 0.41 (0.13–0.60) 0.490
D-dimer (µg/L) 610 (207–1264) 317 (172–966) 936 (533–1452) 0.001
LDH (U/L) 365 (240–484) 373 (264–503) 317 (218–394) 0.057
Calcium (mmol/L) 2.14 (2.07–2.21) 2.14 (2.07–2.24) 2.15 (2.07–2.19) 0.842
Phosphate (mmol/L) 0.95 (0.78–1.13) 0.93 (0.74–1.13) 0.97 (0.78–1.16) 0.167
CRP (mg/L) 64 (30–133) 69 (33–148) 55 (25–88) 0.091
Current treatment, n (%)
Hydroxychloroquine 68 (75) 35 (64) 33 (92) 0.003
Azithromycin 70 (77) 39 (71) 31 (86) 0.094
Glucocorticoids 41 (45) 24 (44) 17 (47) 0.738
Tocilizumab 13 (14) 6 (11) 7 (19) 0.258
Lopinavir/ritonavir 30 (33) 9 (16) 21 (58) <0.001
Other antibiotics 71 (78) 47 (86) 24 (67) 0.035

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median and interquartile range, or absolute number and percentage, as appropriate. BMI = body mass index, CKD = chronic kidney disease, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP = C-reactive protein, LDH = lactose dehydrogenase, PaO2/FiO2 = partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen. The p-values in bold text denote statistically significant differences between specific variables according to treatment with vitamin D. Normal laboratory ranges can be found at the following link: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172316-overview.