. 2021 Jan 14;10(1):152. doi: 10.3390/plants10010152

Table 5.

Effect of foliar application of putrescine (2.5 mM) on cations in younger leaves of the cauliflower cv. Moonshine at different ration of NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ and temperatures.

Temperature	NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺		Macroelements (g kg⁻¹ DW)				Microelements (mg kg⁻¹ DW)
Temperature	NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺		Na	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Mn	Zn	B
Ambient T	100/0	No Put	1.5 ± 0.01 ^a	13.0 ± 0.1 ^e	3.5 ± 0.09 ^d	1.0 ± 0.01 ^e	15.3 ± 0.5 ^d	0.7 ± 0.02 ^e	4.9 ± 0.10 ^e	43.0 ± 0.6 ^d	10.8 ± 0.2 ^e
	100/0	With Put	1.2 ± 0.01 ^e	14.6 ± 0.1 ^a	4.6 ± 0.02 ^a	1.2 ± 0.01 ^a	19.1 ± 0.4 ^a	1.0 ± 0.02 ^a	6.5 ± 0.06 ^a	49.2 ± 0.6 ^a	12.9 ± 0.4 ^a
	80/20	No Put	1.4 ± 0.01 ^b	12.6 ± 0.1 ^f	3.3 ± 0.03 ^e	0.9 ± 0.01 ^f	14.1 ± 0.4 ^e	0.7 ± 0.01 ^e	4.8 ± 0.06 ^e	41.9 ± 0.4 ^e	10.6 ± 0.1 ^e
	80/20	With Put	1.1 ± 0.01 ^f	14.4 ± 0.1 ^a	4.5 ± 0.05 ^a	1.2± 0.03 ^a	17.7 ± 0.2 ^b	0.9 ± 0.01 ^b	6.4 ± 0.11 ^a	48.2 ± 0.5 ^ab	12.5 ± 0.2 ^a
	50/50	No Put	1.4 ± 0.02 ^b	12.2 ± 0.1 ^g	3.0 ± 0.08 ^f	0.8 ± 0.01 ^g	13.3 ± 0.2 ^f	0.6 ± 0.01 ^f	4.5 ± 0.13 ^f	40.0 ± 1.0 ^f	10.5 ± 0.2 ^e
	50/50	With Put	1.1 ± 0.01 ^f	14.3 ± 0.1 ^b	4.3 ± 0.03 ^b	1.1 ± 0.01 ^b	17.1 ± 0.2 ^b	0.9 ± 0.01 ^b	6.2 ± 0.12 ^b	47.4 ± 0.3 ^b	12.4 ± 0.2 ^a
High T	100/0	No Put	1.3 ± 0.01 ^c	11.6 ± 0.1 ^h	2.6 ± 0.08 ^g	0.8 ± 0.01 g	12.3 ± 0.5 ^g	0.5 ± 0.02 ^g	4.2 ± 0.06 ^g	37.8 ± 0.6 ^g	9.4 ± 0.5 ^f
	100/0	With Put	1.0 ± 0.01 ^g	14.2 ± 0.1 ^b	4.2 ± 0.04 ^b	1.1 ± 0.01 ^c	16.7 ± 0.1 ^c	0.8 ± 0.03 ^c	5.9 ± 0.09 ^c	47.1 ± 0.2 ^b	11.7 ± 0.1 ^b
	80/20	No Put	1.3 ± 0.01 ^c	11.0 ±0.1 ⁱ	2.4 ± 0.02 ^h	0.8 ± 0.01 ^h	11.4 ± 0.2 ^h	0.5 ± 0.02 ^g	3.9 ± 0.14 ^h	36.3 ± 0.9 ^g	9.2 ± 0.6 ^f
	80/20	With Put	0.9± 0.01 ^h	13.6 ± 0.1 ^c	3.9 ± 0.04 ^c	1.0 ± 0.01 ^d	16.5 ± 0.2 ^d	0.8 ± 0.01 ^d	5.5 ± 0.08 ^cd	45.6 ± 0.1 ^c	11.5 ± 0.1 ^cd
	50/50	No Put	1.3 ± 0.03 ^d	10.4 ±0.2 ^j	2.3 ± 0.03 ^h	0.7 ± 0.02 ^h	9.7 ± 1.7 ⁱ	0.3 ± 0.08 ^h	3.0 ± 0.21 ⁱ	32.9 ± 3.2 ^h	9.2 ± 0.4 ^f
	50/50	With Put	0.9 ± 0.01 ^h	13.4 ± 0.1 ^d	3.8 ± 0.05 ^c	1.0 ± 0.01 ^d	16.1 ± 0.3 ^d	0.8 ± 0.01 ^d	5.2 ± 0.09 ^d	43.6 ± 0.2 ^d	11.5 ± 0.2 ^d
Main effects			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
Temperature (T)			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
Putrescine (Put)			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
T X Put			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	ns
T X NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺			***	***	**	**	ns	ns	***	*	ns
Put X NO₃⁻/NH₄			***	***	ns	ns	*	**	***	ns	ns
T X Put X NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺			ns	*	**	**	*	**	**	ns	ns

Different small letters within a column indicate significant differences among different treatments of putrescine. treatments with different NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ ratio and temperatures (p = 0.05. Tukey test). n = 5, ±S.E. Analysis of variance: ns. not significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.005; *** p ≤ 0.001.