. 2021 Jan 14;10(1):152. doi: 10.3390/plants10010152

Table 6.

Effect of foliar application of putrescine (2.5 mM) on cations in outer leaves of the cauliflower cv. Moonshine at different ration of NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ and temperatures.

Temperature	NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺		Macroelements (g kg⁻¹ DW)				Microelements (mg kg⁻¹ DW)
Temperature	NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺		Na	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Mn	Zn	B
Ambient T	100/0	NoPut	2.4 ± 0.01 ^a	15.6 ± 0.1 ^d	5.8 ± 0.04 ^f	1.5 ± 0.01 ^c	22.9 ± 0.1 ^e	1.3 ± 0.02 ^b	7.6 ± 0.22 ^e	54.7 ± 1.4 ^d	15.4 ± 0.7 ^c
	100/0	With Put	2.0 ± 0.01 ^e	17.0 ± 0.1 ^a	7.2 ± 0.07 ^a	1.7 ± 0.01 ^a	26.8 ± 0.2 ^a	1.4 ± 0.01 ^a	9.6 ± 0.16 ^a	61.3 ± 0.7 ^a	18.0 ± 0.6 ^a
	80/20	NoPut	2.4 ± 0.01 ^a	15.6 ± 0.1 ^d	5.6 ± 0.07 ^g	1.5 ± 0.01 ^c	22.2 ± 0.2 ^f	1.2 ± 0.01 ^c	7.5 ± 0.08 ^e	54.8 ± 0.4 ^d	15.4 ± 0.4 ^c
	80/20	With Put	2.0 ± 0.01 ^e	16.8 ± 0.1 ^a	7.0 ± 0.07 ^b	1.7 ± 0.01 ^a	25.7 ± 0.2 ^ab	1.4 ± 0.01 ^a	9.3 ± 0.08 ^b	60.9 ± 0.5 ^a	17.9 ±0.2 ^a
	50/50	NoPut	2.3 ± 0.01 ^b	15.3 ± 0.1 ^e	5.3 ± 0.02 ^h	1.5 ± 0.01 ^c	21.7 ± 0.3 ^f	1.2 ± 0.02 ^c	7.4 ± 0.16 ^e	54.0 ± 0.1 ^d	15.1 ± 0.1 ^c
	50/50	With Put	1.9 ± 0.01 ^f	16.3 ± 0.1 ^b	6.7 ± 0.10 ^c	1.7 ± 0.01 ^a	25.2 ± 0.1 ^b	1.4 ± 0.01 ^a	9.2 ± 0.21 ^b	59.9 ± 0.3 ^b	17.5 ± 0.2 ^a
High T	100/0	NoPut	2.3 ± 0.04 ^b	15.2 ± 0.1 ^f	5.1 ± 0.06 ⁱ	1.4 ± 0.02 ^d	21.3 ± 0.2 ^f	1.2 ± 0.01 ^d	6.9 ± 0.13 ^f	51.6 ± 1.3 ^e	14.1± 0.4 ^e
	100/0	With Put	1.8± 0.03 ^g	16.1 ± 0.1 ^b	6.4 ± 0.05 ^d	1.6 ± 0.01 ^b	24.9 ± 0.2 ^b	1.4 ± 0.01 ^a	8.4 ± 0.25 ^c	57.7 ± 1.1 ^c	16.8 ± 0.1 ^b
	80/20	NoPut	2.2 ± 0.01 ^c	15.1 ± 0.1 ^g	5.0 ± 0.03 ⁱ	1.3 ± 0.02 ^e	20.7 ± 0.2 ^g	1.1 ± 0.02 ^e	6.8 ± 0.06 ^f	51.2 ± 0.6 ^e	13.7 ± 0.1 ^d
	80/20	With Put	1.7 ± 0.01 ^h	16.0 ± 0.1 ^c	6.3 ± 0.01 ^e	1.6 ± 0.01 ^b	24.1 ± 0.2 ^c	1.3 ± 0.02 ^b	8.1 ± 0.09 ^cd	57.3 ± 0.1 ^c	16.6 ± 0.7 ^b
	50/50	NoPut	2.1 ± 0.02 ^d	14.9 ± 0.1 ^h	4.8 ± 0.09 ^j	1.3 ± 0.01 ^e	20.3 ± 0.2 ^h	1.1 ± 0.01 ^e	6.5 ± 0.15 ^g	51.0 ± 0.5 ^e	13.6 ± 0.4 ^d
	50/50	With Put	1.6 ± 0.01 ⁱ	15.9 ± 0.1 ^cd	6.0 ± 0.04 ^e	1.6 ± 0.01 ^b	23.4 ± 0.1 ^d	1.3 ± 0.02 ^b	8.0 ± 0.20 ^d	57.1 ± 0.6 ^c	16.6 ± 0.2 ^b
Main effects
Temperature (T)			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
Putrescine (Put)			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺			***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***	***
T X Put			***	***	**	***	ns	***	***	ns	ns
T X NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺			***	***	ns	***	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Put X NO₃⁻/NH₄			***	***	ns	***	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
T X Put X R			ns	ns	***	***	ns	*	ns	ns	ns

Different small letters within a column indicate significant differences among different treatments of putrescine. treatments with different NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ ratio and temperatures (p = 0.05. Tukey test). n = 5, ±S.E. Analysis of variance: ns. not significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.005; *** p ≤ 0.001.