Table 8.

Effect of foliar application of putrescine on anions (g kg⁻¹ FW) in older leaves of the cauliflower cv. Moonshine at different ration of NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ and temperatures.

Temperature	NO3−/NH4+		Chloride	Nitrate	Phosphate	Sulphate
Ambient T	100/0	No Put	1.95 ± 0.1 e	18.19 ± 0.1 e	12.09 ± 0.1 cd	13.94 ± 0.1 g
		With Put	2.71 ± 0.1 bc	23.16 ± 0.1 a	12.83 ± 0.1 ab	17.51 ± 0.1 b
	80/20	No Put	2.05 ± 0.1 e	17.96 ± 0.1 e	12.29 ± 0.1 cd	14.44 ± 0.2 f
		With Put	2.82 ± 0.1 b	22.33 ± 0.1 b	12.87 ± 0.1 ab	17.93 ± 0.1 b
	50/50	No Put	2.12 ± 0.1 de	16.88 ± 0.1 f	12.43 ± 0.1 bcd	15.37 ± 0.1 e
		With Put	2.98 ± 0.1 a	21.82 ± 0.1 b	13.09 ± 0.1 a	18.32 ± 0.2 a
High T	100/0	No Put	1.58 ± 0.1 f	16.60 ± 0.4 f	11.74 ± 0.1 f	11.43 ± 0.2 j
		With Put	2.15 ± 0.1 d	20.50 ± 0.2 c	12.51 ± 0.1 bc	16.29 ± 0.1 d
	80/20	No Put	1.63 ± 0.1 f	15.04 ±0.1 g	11.82 ± 0.1 e	12.65 ± 0.1 i
		With Put	2.48 ± 0.1 c	19.88 ±0.3 c	12.61 ± 0.1 bc	16.85 ± 0.1 c
	50/50	No Put	1.70 ± 0.1 f	14.74 ±0.1 h	12.02 ± 0.1 de	13.31 ± 0.1 h
		With Put	2.66 ± 0.1 c	19.21 ± 0.2 d	12.71 ± 0.1 bc	17.19 ± 0.1 c
Main effects
Temperature (T)			***	***	***	***
Putrescine (Put)			***	***	***	***
NO3−/NH4+			***	***	***	***
T X Put			ns	**	**	***
T X NO3−/NH4+			***	***	ns	***
Put X NO3−/NH4			***	ns	*	***
T X Put X NO3−/NH4+			***	***	**	**

Different small letters within a column indicate significant differences among different treatments of putrescine. treatments with different NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ ratio and temperatures (p = 0.05. Tukey test). n = 5, ±S.E. Values are means ± SE of five plants. Analysis of variance: ns. not significant; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.005; *** p ≤ 0.001.