| DSS | Dextran Sodium Sulfate |
| IBD | Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| TiO2 | Titanium dioxide |
| PTPN2 | Protein tyrosine phosptahatse non-receptor type 2 |
| LPL | Lamina propria lymphocytes |
| BMDMs | Bone marrow-derived macrophages |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| IL | Interleukin |
| JNK–c-JUN | N-terminal kinase |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| mTORC1 | Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| Tlr4 | Toll like receptor 4 |
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