Table 2.

Grey matter volume from whole-brain and ROI hippocampal neuroimaging analyses

Variable	Group	Pre, mm3*	Post, mm3*	Time	Time × group	Group
Voxel-based morphometry hippocampus cluster	Tetris	0.43 ± 0.07	0.44 ± 0.07	F1,38 = 9.04	F1,38 = 9.30	F1,38 = 0.167
	Therapy only	0.43 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.03	p = 0.005§ ηp2 = 0.19	p = 0.004§ ηp2 = 0.19	p = 0.68 ηp2 = 0.01
Meta-analysis hippocampus†	Tetris	0.53 ± 0.05	0.54 ± 0.04	F1,38 = 1.382	F1,38 = 4.419	F1,38 = 0.008
	Therapy only	0.53 ± 0.03	0.53 ± 0.03	p = 0.25 ηp2 = 0.03	p = 0.042§ ηp2 = 0.10	p = 0.92 ηp2 = 0.01
Bilateral anatomic hippocampus‡	Therapy only	0.45 ± 0.04	0.45 ± 0.04	F1,38 = 2.13	F1,38 = 7.07	F1,38 = 0.006
	Tetris	0.45 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.02	p = 0.15 ηp2 = 0.05	p = 0.011§ ηp2 = 0.16	p = 0.94 ηp2 = 0.01

PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; ROI = region of interest.

^*Values are given as mean ± standard deviation.

^†Left anterior hippocampal cluster identified in a meta-analysis of PTSD neuroimaging studies.²⁰

^‡Bilateral anatomic hippocampus defined using the anatomic automatic labelling template.⁴³

^§Significant at p < 0.05.