Table 2.
Comparison according to clinical history findings.
| Variable | Immediate reaction by clinical history N = 108 |
Late reaction by clinical history N = 801 |
P- value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 24.2 ± 24.6 | 20.2 ± 23.8 | 0.1 |
| Male sex | 44 (40.7%) | 377 (47%) | 0.2 |
| Culprit drug | |||
| Penicillin | 75 (69.4%) | 618 (76.4%) | <0.01 |
| Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid | 14 (12.9%) | 91 (11.3%) | |
| First generation cephalosporin | 9 (8.3%) | 25 (3.1%) | |
| Second generation cephalosporin | 13 (12.0%) | 25 (3.1%) | |
| Third generation cephalosporin | 3 (2.7%) | 5 (0.6%) | |
| Unknown | 5 (4.6%) | 37 (4.6%) | |
| Time from reaction to evaluation | 5.8 ± 11.1 | 7.3 ± 12.8 | |
| Clinical signs and symptoms | |||
| Rash | 86 (79.6%) | 674 (84.1%) | 0.2 |
| Gastrointestinal | 5 (4.6%) | 11 (1.3%) | 0.03 |
| Dyspnea | 26 (24.0%) | 19 (2.3%) | <0.01 |
| Loss of consciousness | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (0.2%) | 0.3 |
| Unknown | 27 (25%) | 75 (9.3%) | <0.01 |
| Positive skin test | 15 (13.8%) | ||
| Positive oral challengea | 10/93b (10.7%) | 40/789c (5%) | 0.03 |
| Immediate allergy to beta lactam | 25 (23.1%) | 40 (5%) | <0.01 |
a
When clinical history was not compatible with an immediate reaction, oral challenge test was performed regardless of skin test results.
b
In patients with clinical history of immediate reaction and positive ST, oral challenge was not performed.
c
12 patients refused oral challenge