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. 2021 Jan 25;41(3):422–434. doi: 10.1038/s41372-021-00915-z

Table 5.

Multivariate analysis of scholarly achievements.

Target variable Factors Publications p value

First or senior authorship(s)

(R2 adjusted: 0.36)

Primary investigator for local/regional grant 11.6 (4.9 to 18.3) <0.001
Primary investigator for NIH Grant 10.6 (5.1 to 16.2) <0.001
Years post fellowship (5-year blocks) 3.6 (2.4 to 4.9) <0.001
Publications submitted 3.4 (2.3 to 4.4) <0.001
Primary investigator for foundation grant 2.4 (−2.9 to 7.8) NS
Research time (weeks/year) 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4) NS
Non-Hispanic Asian (yes) −0.3 (−7.9 to 7.2) NS
Primary investigator for institutional grant −0.7 (−5.2 to 3.7) NS
Underrepresented in medicine (yes) −1.7 (−8 to 4.6) NS
Female (yes) −3.2 (−0.4 to −6) 0.025
Primary investigator for commercial grant −5.9 (2.4 to −14.2) NS
Primary investigator for state grant −8.7 (0.1 to −17.5) NS
Primary investigator for federal grant −17.9 (−5.6 to −30.1) 0.004

Primary investigator for NIH grant

(AUC: 0.93)

Factors Odds ratio p value
Underrepresented in medicine (yes) 6.93 (1.56–30.72) 0.011
Submitted a grant (yes) 6.82 (2.46–18.9) <0.001
Asian (yes) 2.59 (0.8–8.44) NS
Research (weeks per year) 1.11 (1.07–1.16) <0.001
Number of annual presentations 1.07 (1.01–1.13) 0.022
Number of primary authorships 1.02 (1–1.04) 0.016
Early career (yes) 0.18 (0.05–0.69) 0.012

Total annual grant funding

(R2 adjusted: 0.39)

Factor Funding p value
Academically affiliated (yes) $232,062 ($75,027 to $389,098) 0.004
Research time (>15 weeks/year) $110,524 ($23,161 to $197,887) 0.014
Primary investigator for commerical grant $68,945 ($14,394 to $123,495) 0.014
Asian (yes) $62,843 (($51,151) to $176,838) NS
Primary investigator for NIH grant $57,251 ($13,642 to $100,860) 0.011
Primary investigator for foundation grant $54,613 ($12,453 to $96,773) 0.012
Underrepresented in medicine (yes) $23,129 (($45,875) to $92,134) NS

Rank of full professor

(AUC: 0.94)

Factors Odds ratio p value
Grant funded (yes) 5.97 (1.66–21.48) 0.006
Years post fellowship (5-year blocks) 2.46 (1.74–3.47) <0.001
Administration time (weeks/year) 1.06 (1.02–1.11) 0.006
Number primary publications 1.06 (1.02–1.1) 0.002
Research time (weeks/year) 0.97 (0.91–1.03) NS
Underrepresented in medicine (yes) 0.86 (0.2–3.72) NS
Non-Hispanic Asian (yes) 0.79 (0.16–3.91) NS
Female (yes) 0.55 (0.21–1.39) NS