Table 1.
Characteristics and comparison of patient groups (statin vs no statin), before and after propensity score matching
| Parameters | Unmatched | Matched | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics variables | Statin (75 patients) | No statin (75 patients) | P-value | Statin (75 patients) | No statin (75 patients) | P-value |
| Age [years] | 65.61 ± 13.22 | 58.77 ± 16.01 | < 0.001 | 63.59 ± 13.18 | 61.72 ± 15.83 | 0.433 |
| BMI | 25.92 ± 4.02 | 26.61 ± 3.26 | 0.270 | 25.81 ± 3.91 | 25.46 ± 3.16 | 0.545 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
| Male, n (%) | 47 (62.7) | 40 (53.3) | 0.247 | 45 (60) | 43 (57.3) | 0.740 |
| Female, n (%) | 28 (37.3) | 35 (46.7) | 30 (40) | 32 (42.7) | ||
| Addiction status, n (%) | 14 (18.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0.001 | 11 (14.66) | 7 (9.33) | 0.315 |
| Triage vital signs | ||||||
| Heart rate, beats per min | 91.04 ± 18.13 | 94.20 ± 14.56 | 0.241 | 91.02 ± 18.11 | 92.12 ± 11.82 | 0.660 |
| Respiratory rate, breathes per min | 19.56 ± 3.85 | 19.44 ± 2.45 | 0.970 | 19.52 ± 2.31 | 19.42 ± 2.22 | 0.746 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 130.61 ± 23.23 | 124.28 ± 17.17 | 0.246 | 129.58 ± 22.19 | 127.55 ± 11.1 | 0.448 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 78.01 ± 13.23 | 78.52 ± 11.56 | 0.841 | 78.01 ± 12.98 | 78.08 ± 11.58 | 0.972 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 37.45 ± 1.14 | 37.41 ± 1.04 | 0.787 | 37.31 ± 1.09 | 37.22 ± 1.02 | 0.602 |
| Oxygen saturation (SpO2) | 87.65 ± 6.52 | 91.74 ± 4.60 | < 0.001 | 88.92 ± 5.88 | 90.23 ± 3.82 | 0.108 |
| Sign and symptoms | ||||||
| Chest pain, n (%) | 4 (5.3) | 8 (10.3) | 0.367 | 6 | 7 | > 0.999 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 62 (82.7) | 49 (65.3) | 0.025 | 58 | 52 | 0.268 |
| Cough, n (%) | 51 (68) | 58 (77.3) | 0.309 | 53 | 51 | 0.068 |
| Headache, n (%) | 13 (17.3) | 19 (25.3) | 0.319 | 15 | 17 | 0.690 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 36 (48) | 8 (10.7) | < 0.001 | 31 | 12 | 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 25 (33.3) | 7 (9.3) | < 0.001 | 21 | 10 | 0.524 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 2 (2.7) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 | 2 | 1 | > 0.999 |
| Respiratory disease, n (%) | 9 (12) | 10 (13.3) | > 0.999 | 8 | 9 | 0.229 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 19 (25) | 6 (8) | 0.004 | 15 | 8 | 0.113 |
| Laboratory measures | ||||||
| PMN percent (%) | 4.99 ± 2.55 | 4.94 ± 3.04 | 0.010 | 4.94 ± 2.31 | 4.93 ± 2.82 | 0.981 |
| Lymphocyte count in serum | 1.32 ± 0.84 | 1.79 ± 0.86 | 0.001 | 1.38 ± 0.71 | 1.61 ± 0.74 | 0.054 |
| Prothrombin time (PT), (s) | 35 ± 17.43 | 15.70 ± 3.34 | < 0.001 | 31.01 ± 11.07 | 19.36 ± 2.99 | < 0.001 |
| International Normalized Ratio (INR) | 1.59 ± 0.62 | 1.54 ± 0.55 | 0.602 | 1.58 ± 0.61 | 1.56 ± 0.45 | 0.819 |
| C-reactive protein (CRP), (ml/dl) | 78 ± 30.34 | 24.82 ± 21.46 | 0.112 | |||
| Antibiotics therapy | ||||||
| Vancomycin, n (%) | 33 (44) | 35 (46.7) | 0.743 | 33 | 34 | 0.870 |
| Linezolid, n (%) | 31 (41.3) | 12 (16) | 0.001 | 28 | 16 | 0.031 |
| Ceftriaxone, n (%) | 27 (36) | 30 (40) | 0.614 | 28 | 29 | 0.866 |
| Azithromycin, n (%) | 17 (22.7) | 21 (28) | 0.453 | 19 | 20 | 0.852 |
| Antiviral therapy | ||||||
| Ribavirin, n (%) | 8 (10.7) | 10 (13.3) | 0.615 | 8 | 9 | 0.797 |
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir, n (%) | 40 (53.3) | 36 (48) | 0.514 | 39 | 37 | 0.744 |
| Oseltamivir, n (%) | 42 (56) | 37 (49.3) | 0.414 | 41 | 38 | 0.624 |
| Other therapy | ||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 67 (89.3) | 63 (84) | 0.377 | 65 | 65 | > 0.999 |
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 10 (13.3) | 4 (5.3) | 0.092 | 9 | 6 | 0.414 |
| Salbutamol, n (%) | 25 (33.3) | 15 (20) | 0.065 | 21 | 18 | 0.577 |
| Seroflo, n (%) | 12 (16) | 12 (16) | > 0.999 | 12 | 12 | > 0.999 |
| Respiratory support | ||||||
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 30 (40) | 16 (21.3) | 0.013 | 27 | 19 | 0.464 |
BMI body mass index; P-values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test for non-normally distributed continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test or χ2 test for the categorical variables; P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant