Table 1 –
Study population characteristics, among Project Renaissance participants in Kazakhstan, 2009–2010.
| Variable | Total study | TB+ |
|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | |
| Sample size | 728 (100) | 122 (100) |
| Sociodemographics | ||
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 35.75 (7.8) | 39.89 (7.06)*** |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 11.41 (3.3) | 10.81 (3.06)* |
| Monthly income, mean (SD) | 31,933 (56,407) | 42,419 (10,2030) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 364 (50) | 23 (19)*** |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 629 (86) | 107 (88) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Kazakh | 85 (12) | 18 (15) |
| Russian | 478 (66) | 81 (66) |
| Religion | ||
| Muslim | 119 (16) | 20 (16) |
| Christian | 512 (70) | 88 (72) |
| General risk environment | ||
| Homelessnessa | 98 (13) | 18 (15) |
| Food insecuritya | 355 (48) | 64 (52) |
| Ever incarcerated | 435 (89)b | 107 (99) |
| Ever arrested | 488 (67) | 108 (89)*** |
| Social supportc | 184 (25) | 31 (25)* |
| Drug use behaviour | ||
| Used drugs, ever | 647 (89) | 119 (98)** |
| Used drugs, recentlya | 591 (91) | 116 (97)* |
| Smoked drugs, ever | 598 (82) | 115 (94)** |
| Injected drugs, ever | 566 (78) | 116 (95)*** |
| Duration of injection drug use | ||
| <3 years | 178 (24) | 12 (10)** |
| 3 – <12 years | 160 (22) | 10 (8)** |
| 12 – <18 years | 179 (25) | 28 (23) |
| >18 years | 211 (29) | 72 (59) |
| Binge drinking | 505 (69) | 81 (66) |
| Sexual risk behavior | ||
| Unprotected sexual intercourse, recentd | 622 (92)e | 101 (90) |
| Drug-related risk behaviours | ||
| Used needle/syringe by someone else | 169 (30)f | 41 (37) |
| Treated for drug or alcohol abuse | 325 (45) | 66 (54)* |
| General health | ||
| Quality of life (nutrition)g | 374 (51) | 61 (50) |
| Quality of life (fitness)g | 265 (36) | 43 (35) |
| Current STI (tested) | 26 (4) | 5 (4) |
| Reported STIa | 69 (16)h | 11 (15) |
| Tested HIV+ | 183 (25) | 42 (34)* |
| Tested HCV+ | 546 (75) | 108 (89)** |
Note.
* =
P < 0.05,
** =
P < 0.01,
*** =
P < 0.001 for bivariate analysis comparing those with positive TB report to those without a positive TB report.
a
Within the past 90 days.
b
240 respondents did not answer this item. 89% corresponds to 435/(728–240) = 89.1%.
c
Highest tertile of significant other MSPSS subscale.
d
Within the past 30 days.
e
168 respondents did not answer this item. 30% corresponds to 169/(728–168) = 30.2%.
f
51 respondents did not answer this item. 92% corresponds to 622/(728–51) = 91.9%.
g
Good, very good, or excellent rating.
h
287 respondents did not answer this item. 16% corresponds to 69/(728–287) = 15.6%.