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. 2021 Jan 11;8:622308. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622308

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Copyright © 2021 Soukup, Tazaki, Yamazaki, Pospisilova, Epperlein, Tanaka and Cerny.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distribution and composition of axolotl tooth fields. (A) The dentition of an axolotl larva (19 mm TL) is composed of several tooth fields, which are assembled into outer (premaxillary and dentary) and inner dental arcades (vomerine, palatine, and coronoid). These arcades show various field-specific arrangements. Outer arcade fields form initially a single tooth row; inner arcade fields constitute tooth patches. (B,C) Separation of mouth roof from floor shows presence of the oldest tooth (arrow) and addition of new tooth germs (arrowheads) within each field. (B) In the premaxillary field (pmx), new germs are added laterally and medially as the field stretches along the upper jaw, and new germs are also added posteriorly. Vomerine (vom) and palatine (pal) fields develop by addition of new germs medially from the oldest teeth located laterally. (C) In the dentary field (den), the oldest tooth is present close to the mandibular symphysis and new germs are added laterally along the lower jaw, thus forming the tooth row. New germs are further initiated lingually. In the coronoid (cor) field, the oldest tooth is located labially and new germs are added lingually in a hand fan-shaped manner. (D,E) The dentition of a 41 mm TL axolotl larva shows a single-rowed arrangement of premaxillary (pmx), maxillary (max), and dentary (den) fields, and a multi-rowed arrangement of vomerine (vom), palatine (pal), and coronoid (cor) fields. Scale bars equal 1 mm.