Table 1.
Main characteristics related to liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 based on a series of case reports
|
Ref.
|
Sample size
|
Liver injury
|
Elevated ALT
|
Elevated AST
|
Elevated TBIL
|
Elevated ALP
|
Elevated GGT
|
Factors related to liver injury
|
|
| [25] | 1099 | NA | 21.3%: Severe 28.1%, Non-severe 19.8% | 22.2%: Severe 39.4%, Non-severe 18.2% | 10.5%: Severe 13.3%, Non-severe 9.9% | NA | NA | NA | |
| [26] | 548 | NA | 23.1%: Severe 24.1%, Non-severe 22.3% | 33.1%: Severe 43.4%, Non-severe 23.3% | 4.4%: Severe 6.4%, Non-severe 2.3% | NA | NA | NA | |
| [27] | 417 | 21.5% | 41.2%: Severe 82.4%, Non-severe 50.2% | 47.2%: Severe 75.3%, Non-severe 36.9% | 64.2%: Severe 75.3%, Non-severe 60.1% | 10.9%: Severe 12.2%, Non-severe 10.5% | 48.5%: Severe 75.3%, Non-severe 39.1% | Older, male, higher BMI, Underlying liver diseases (NAFLD, alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis B), drugs (lopinavir/ritonavir) | |
| [28] | 324 | NA | 15.7% | 10.5% | 6.5% | 1.2% | 0.9% | NA | |
| [29] | 298 | 14.8% | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| [30] | 274 | NA | 22.0%: Deceased 27.0%, Recovered 19.0% | 31.0%: Deceased 52.0%, Recovered 16.0% | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| [31] | 148 | 37.2% | 18.2% | 21.6% | 6.1% | 4.1% | 17.6% | Male, higher levels of procalcitonin and CRP. PCT, LDH, received lopinavir / ritonavir | |
| [32] | 85 | 38.8% | 61.2% | NA | NA | NA | NA | Older, lactic acid, myoglobin, neutrophils, critical illness, aCRP, alymphocyte count | |
| [33] | 79 | 36.7% | 31.6% | 35.4% | 5.1% | NA | NA | Male, white blood cell counts, neutrophils, CRP, athe extent of pulmonary alesions on CT | |
| [34] | 40 | 55% | 52.5% | 40% | 25% | NA | NA | Many types of drugs, large amounts of hormones, underlying diseases, lymphocyte count, acritical illness | |
| [35] | 82 | 78% | 30.6% | 61.1% | 30.6% | NA | NA | NA | |
a
Represents independent risk factors for liver injury in coronavirus disease 2019. ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CRP: C-reactive protein; CT: Computed tomography; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; NA: Not available; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases; PCT: Procalcitonin; TBIL: Total bilirubin.