Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jan 17;13(1):257. doi: 10.3390/nu13010257

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Effects of nutraceuticals on the mitochondrial function in heart diseases. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a critical role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation by accepting electrons from complexes I and II and transporting them to complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Moreover, CoQ10 is involved in the protons’ transfer in the inner mitochondrial membrane, called the proton motive Q-cycle, leading to the free movement of protons through the internal mitochondrial membrane; sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitors increase the amount of ketone bodies; proanthocyanidins significantly increase the activities of mitochondrial enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) and respiratory chain enzymes (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase); hydroxytyrosol (HT) is able to improve the integrity of complex-III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.