Figure 4.
The effect of LEPE on improving menopause-related depression based on behavioral tests and blood hormone levels. (A) Time of mobility and immobility in the tail suspension test, (B) time spent climbing, swimming, and immobility in the forced swimming test, (C) time spent in the closed and open arms in the elevated plus-maze (D) serotonin and (E) norepinephrine levels in the serum. Sham, control sham-operated rats; Veh, ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with vehicle; LEPE100, OVX rats treated with Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Eclipta prostrata L., and Pueraria lobata Ohwi extract (LEPE) 100 mg/kg bw; LEPE200, OVX rats treated with LEPE 200 mg/kg bw; E2, positive control, OVX rats injected with estradiol 3.0 µg/kg bw. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 12). a–c Significant differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons between groups (p < 0.05).