Table 2.
Clinical presentation, laboratory findings on admission and in-hospital treatment of patients stratified by heart failure.
| Total (n = 129) | CHF (n = 43) | Non-HF (n = 86) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical findings | ||||
| Fever | 62 (48) | 23 (53.5) | 39 (45.3) | 0.214 |
| Dyspnea with or without cough | 64 (49.6) | 27 (62.8) | 37 (43) | 0.038 |
| SBP, mmHg | 133 (±21.4) | 133 (±22.7) | 133 (±20.9) | 0.995 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74 (±15.2) | 73 (±15.7) | 74 (±15.1) | 0.786 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 88 (±16.7) | 89 (±20) | 89.5 (±19.9) | 0.564 |
| Respiratory rate, rpm | 27 (±6.8) | 27 (±7.5) | 27 (±6.5) | 0.902 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 94 (±5.7) | 94 (±6.8) | 94 (±5) | 0.331 |
| Initial FiO2, % | 31 (±23.7) | 32 (±25) | 30 (±23.2) | 0.671 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 271 (±127.6) | 312 (±135.4) | 256 (±121.9) | 0.080 |
| PaO2/FiO2 < 300 | 50 (38.8) | 13 (30.2) | 37 (43) | 0.387 |
| Laboratory findings * | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.5 (±2.0) | 11.7 (±2.3) | 12.8 (±1.8) | 0.008 |
| WBCC, per µL | 8.3 (±5.0) | 9.3 (±6.4) | 7.8 (±4.1) | 0.177 |
| Lymphocytes, per µL | 1.3 (±1.6) | 1.5 (±2.4) | 1.2 (±1) | 0.299 |
| Platelet count | 215 (±99) | 233 (±131) | 206 (±80) | 0.243 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.3 (±0.9) | 1.6 (±1.2) | 1.2 (±0.6) | 0.024 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 62 (±28) | 53 (±25.8) | 67 (±28.4) | 0.008 |
| AST, U/L | 41 (±58) | 39 (±53) | 42 (±59) | 0.870 |
| ALT, U/L | 35 (±61) | 39 (±53) | 41 (±65) | 0.611 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.1 (±6.3) | 2.7 (±11.7) | 0.4 (±0.17) | 0.293 |
| CPK, U/L | 87 (51–194) | 59 (41.5–167.5) | 98 (58.8–209) | 0.144 |
| Serum lactate, mmol/L | 2.2 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–2.1) | 1.5 (1.1–1.7) | 0.840 |
| Baseline CRP, mg/dL | 9.6 (5.2–17) | 8.8 (3.9–12.7) | 10.6 (5.3–19.5) | 0.122 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.18 (0.1–0.4) | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | 0.17 (0.1–0.4) | 0.675 |
| LDH, U/L | 345 (±154) | 339 (±130) | 348 (±163) | 0.811 |
| D-dimer, ng/mL | 876 (402–1440) | 880 (560–1995) | 835 (575–1535) | 0.936 |
| Abnormal chest radiography | 109 (84.5) | 35 (81.4) | 74 (86) | 1 |
| In-hospital treatment | ||||
| Lopinavir/Ritonavir | 13 (10.1) | 3 (7) | 10 (11.6) | 0.542 |
| Darunavir/Ritonavir | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 13 (15.1) | 0.552 |
| Corticosteroid | 47 (36.4) | 13 (30.2) | 34 (39.5) | 0.294 |
| Tocilizumab | 13 (10.1) | 3 (7) | 10 (11.6) | 0.542 |
| Hydroxychloroquine ± Azithromycin | 114 (88.4) | 35 (81.4) | 79 (91.9) | 0.080 |
| Enoxaparin (prophylaxis or treatment doses) | 74 (57.4) | 19 (44.2) | 55 (64) | 0.136 |
| Vitamin D | 25 (19.4) | 6 (14) | 19 (22.1) | 0.270 |
| Ceftriaxone | 79 (61.2) | 21 (48.8) | 58 (67.4) | 0.041 |
| Respiratory support | ||||
| Oxygen support | 95 (73.6) | 35 (81.4) | 60 (69.8) | 0.436 |
| High Flow Nasal Cannula | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 8 (6.2) | 3 (7) | 5 (5.8) | |
| Intubation and invasive ventilation | 7 (5.4) | 1 (2.3) | 6 (7) | |
Results are expressed as mean and (standard deviation), or median and (interquartile range), or number and (percentage). SBP: Systolic blood pressure. DBP: Diastolic blood pressure. WBCC: White blood cell count. AST: Aspartate transaminase. ALT: Alkaline transaminase. CPK: Creatine phosphokinase. LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase. CRP: C-reactive protein, eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate. * on admission.