Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the general population and of patients experiencing or not experiencing CV events during hospitalisation for CAP
| General population N = 1266 (100%) |
Cardiovascular events | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes 301 (23.8%) |
No 965 (76.2%) |
|||
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age mean (± SD) | 76.2 ± 13.8 | 81.2 ± 9.2 | 74.6 ± 14.7 | 0.0001 |
| Age median (IQR) | 79 (71–86) | 83 (76–88) | 78 (69–85) | 0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 75 years | 825 (65.2%) | 240 (79.7%) | 585 (60.6%) | < 0.0001 |
| Female sex | 615 (48.6%) | 168 (55.8%) | 447 (46.3%) | 0.004 |
| Nursing home resident | 61 (4.8%) | 15 (5.0%) | 46 (4.8%) | 0.878 |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diseases | ||||
| Current smoker | 494 (39%) | 108 (35.9%) | 386 (40.0%) | 0.062 |
| Former smoker | 192 (15.2%) | 34 (11.3%) | 158 (16.4%) | 0.058 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 82 (6.5%) | 25 (8.3%) | 57 (5.9%) | 0.142 |
| COPD | 347 (27.4%) | 84 (27.9%) | 263 (27.3%) | 0.825 |
| Coronary artery disease | 212 (16.7%) | 73 (24.3%) | 139 (14.4%) | < 0.0001 |
| Ischemic stroke/TIA | 132 (10.4%) | 41 (13.6%) | 91 (9.4%) | 0.056 |
| Haemorrhagic stroke | 20 (1.6%) | 5 (1.7%) | 15 (1.6%) | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 300 (23.7%) | 76 (25.2%) | 224 (23.2%) | 0.437 |
| Dyslipidemia | 156 (12.3%) | 35 (11.6%) | 121 (12.5%) | 0.763 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 26 (2.1%) | 2 (0.7%) | 24 (2.5%) | 0.061 |
| Chronic liver insufficiency | 20 (1.6%) | 6 (2.0%) | 14 (1.5%) | 0.595 |
| History of paroxysmal or permanent Atrial fibrillation/Flutter | 257 (20.3%) | 87 (28.9%) | 170 (17.6%) | < 0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 694 (54.8%) | 209 (69.4%) | 485 (50.3%) | < 0.0001 |
| CKD (GFR < 60 ml/min) | 162 (12.8%) | 47 (15.6%) | 115 (11.9%) | 0.113 |
| Cancer | 207 (16.4%) | 49 (16.3%) | 158 (16.4%) | 1 |
| Obesity | 74 (5.8%) | 20 (6.6%) | 54 (5.6%) | 0.484 |
| Chronic heart failure | 269 (21.3%) | 82 (27.2%) | 187 (19.4%) | 0.005 |
| Dementia | 195 (15.4%) | 47 (15.6%) | 148 (15.3%) | 0.927 |
| > 3 comorbidities | 246 (19.4%) | 80 (26.6%) | 166 (17.2%) | 0.0001 |
| In-hospital and 30-day Outcome | ||||
| Length of stay median days (IQR) | 9 (6–12) | 10 (7–13) | 8 (6–11) | 0.0001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 78 (6.2%) | 34 (12.2%) | 44 (4.7%) | < 0.0001 |
| 30-day mortality | 135 (10.7%) | 49 (16.3%) | 86 (8.9%) | 0.0001 |
| 30-day re-hospitalisation | 133 (10.5%) | 40 (13.3%) | 90 (9.3%) | 0.002 |
| Selected Cardiovascular drugs | ||||
| ACE-i/ARBs | 553 (43.7%) | 150 (49.8%) | 403 (41.8%) | 0.016 |
| Statins | 289 (22.8%) | 68 (22.6%) | 221 (22.9%) | 0.937 |
| Beta-blockers | 398 (31.4%) | 138 (45.8%) | 260 (26.9%) | < 0.0001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 229 (18.1%) | 50 (16.6%) | 179 (18.5%) | 0.493 |
| Diuretics | 545 (43%) | 149 (49.5%) | 396 (41.0%) | 0.011 |
| Anticoagulants | 195 (15.4%) | 55 (18.3%) | 140 (14.5%) | 0.12 |
| Antiplatelets | 455 (35.9%) | 141 (46.8%) | 314 (32.5%) | < 0.0001 |
COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CKD Chronic kidney disease, GFR Glomerular filtration rate, ACE-i Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs Angiotensin receptor blockers