Table 1.
Substances with antihistamine and cationic amphiphilic characteristics, with potential (or confirmed) anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity [2], [3]
| Psychotropics with antihistamine and cationic amphiphilic properties and potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (FIASMAs +/−) | Preliminary data confirming anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity |
|---|---|
| Alimemazine/trimeprazine (−‡) | [13] |
| Amitriptyline (+) | [8] |
| Astemizole (+) | |
| Benz(a)tropine (+) | [18] |
| Cetirizine (−) | |
| Chlorphenoxamine (−) | |
| Chlorpromazine (+) | [16], [18], [19] |
| Citalopram* (−) | |
| Clomipramine (+) | [19] |
| Clozapine (−) | † |
| Cyamemazine (−‡) | |
| Escitalopram* (−) | [8] |
| Flupent(h)ixol (+) | [13] |
| Fluphenazine (+) | [19] |
| Fluspirilene*(−#) | [19] |
| Hydroxyzine (+) | [17] |
| Levomepromazine/methotrimeprazine (−‡) | |
| Mequitazine (−‡) | |
| Metopimazine (−‡) | |
| Penfluridol* (+) | |
| Pimozide* (+) | [21] |
| Pipamperone*(−) | |
| Pipotiazine (−‡) | |
| Promethazine (+) | [19] |
| Perici(y)azine/propericiazine (−‡) | |
| Quetiapine (−) | |
| Tiethylperazine (−‡) | [19] |
| Tiotixene (−‡) | |
| Triflupromazine (+) | |
| Zuclopenthixol (−‡) |
*
Very weak to weak antihistamine effects.
‡
Very likely that all clinically used phenothiazines (and closely-related compounds) belong to the FIASMAs, but not tested all experimentally.
#
fluspirilene is a diphenylbutylpiperidines related to pimozide, penfluridol and loperamide with FIASMA profile; not tested experimentally.
†
Conflicting data in Govind et al.[27].