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The schematic illustration of this study. We fabricated 3D scaffolds with different characteristics using a 3D printing process and surface modification techniques. NaOH treatment is a suitable method to expose the hydroxyapatite (HA) particles on the surface of the poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/HA scaffold, which promotes proliferation and osteogenesis of human dental pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs).
